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The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6)
The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6)

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6) is here in full — 362 sentences across 73 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6)
Context Illustration Reading 1/72 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
[Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.
The date 26th May at the end of the letter is an error.
The ‘Monday next Holy Thursday’ was the 27th.]
[Footnote 260-2: _i.e._ if they do not get worse.]
[Footnote 260-3: Paper decayed.]
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6)

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6) is here in full — 362 sentences across 73 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/72 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.
Line 2
The date 26th May at the end of the letter is an error.
Line 3
The ‘Monday next Holy Thursday’ was the 27th.]
Line 4
[Footnote 260-2: _i.e._ if they do not get worse.]
Line 5
[Footnote 260-3: Paper decayed.]

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

date noun US /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading “The date 26th May at the end of the letter is an error.”

decayed adjective US /dəˈkeɪd/

damaged by decay; hence unsound and useless

From this reading “[Footnote 260-3: Paper decayed.]”

error noun US /ˈerər/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading “The date 26th May at the end of the letter is an error.”

establishing verb US /ɪˈstæblɪʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “establish” — set up or found

From this reading “[Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.”

Monday noun US /ˈmʌndi/

the second day of the week; the first working day

From this reading “The ‘Monday next Holy Thursday’ was the 27th.]”

Norfolk's noun US /ˈnɔːrfəks/

possessive form of “norfolk” — port city located in southeastern Virginia on the Elizabeth River at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay; headquarters of the Atlantic fleet of the United States Navy

relates verb US /rɪˈleɪts/

third-person singular of “relate” — make a logical or causal connection

From this reading “[Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.”

Thursday noun US /ˈθɜːrzdeɪ/

the fifth day of the week; the fourth working day

From this reading “The ‘Monday next Holy Thursday’ was the 27th.]”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

succeeded in verb + particle counted as “succeed in”

In this reading “[Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.”

at the end preposition + article + noun counted as “at … end”

In this reading “The date 26th May at the end of the letter is an error.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

1476

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 260-2: _i.e._ if they do not get worse.]

260

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

26th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The date 26th May at the end of the letter is an error.

27th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ‘Monday next Holy Thursday’ was the 27th.]

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 260-3: Paper decayed.]

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The date 26th May at the end of the letter is an error.

appearsverbUS /əˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The date 26th May at the end of the letter is an error.

BnounUS /biː/

aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations; found primarily in soil

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

Caister

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

claimnounUS /kleɪm/

an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

datenounUS /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading The date 26th May at the end of the letter is an error.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

decayedadjectiveUS /dəˈkeɪd/

damaged by decay; hence unsound and useless

From this reading [Footnote 260-3: Paper decayed.]

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading [Footnote 260-2: _i.e._ if they do not get worse.]

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

enounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading [Footnote 260-2: _i.e._ if they do not get worse.]

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The date 26th May at the end of the letter is an error.

errornounUS /ˈerər/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading The date 26th May at the end of the letter is an error.

establishingverbUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “establish” — set up or found

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

FootnotenounUS /ˈfʊtnoʊt/

a printed note placed below the text on a printed page

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading [Footnote 260-2: _i.e._ if they do not get worse.]

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

HolynounUS /ˈhoʊli/

a sacred place of pilgrimage

From this reading The ‘Monday next Holy Thursday’ was the 27th.]

ipronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading [Footnote 260-2: _i.e._ if they do not get worse.]

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading [Footnote 260-2: _i.e._ if they do not get worse.]

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The date 26th May at the end of the letter is an error.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The date 26th May at the end of the letter is an error.

MondaynounUS /ˈmʌndi/

the second day of the week; the first working day

From this reading The ‘Monday next Holy Thursday’ was the 27th.]

MSS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The ‘Monday next Holy Thursday’ was the 27th.]

Norfolk'snounUS /ˈnɔːrfəks/

possessive form of “norfolk” — port city located in southeastern Virginia on the Elizabeth River at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay; headquarters of the Atlantic fleet of the United States Navy

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading [Footnote 260-2: _i.e._ if they do not get worse.]

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

PapernounUS /ˈpeɪpər/

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading [Footnote 260-3: Paper decayed.]

Paston

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

Paston's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

relatesverbUS /rɪˈleɪts/

third-person singular of “relate” — make a logical or causal connection

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading [Footnote 260-2: _i.e._ if they do not get worse.]

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

ThursdaynounUS /ˈθɜːrzdeɪ/

the fifth day of the week; the fourth working day

From this reading The ‘Monday next Holy Thursday’ was the 27th.]

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The ‘Monday next Holy Thursday’ was the 27th.]

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading [Footnote 260-1: [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter relates to Sir John Paston’s claim to Caister after the Duke of Norfolk’s death, which claim he succeeded in establishing in June 1476, as appears by the letter following.

worseadjectiveUS /wɜːrs/

(comparative of “bad”) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability

From this reading [Footnote 260-2: _i.e._ if they do not get worse.]

Chapter 12 of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6) by James [Editor] Gairdner holds 362 sentences, grouped into 73 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6) contain?

Chapter 12 holds 362 sentences of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6), unabridged, divided into 73 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6) by James [Editor] Gairdner exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 362 sentences, grouped into 73 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6)?

Work through the 73 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 73 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6)

Common questions about reading The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6) by James [Editor] Gairdner on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6)?

Yes. All 5505 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42239 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42239, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6) take to read?

About 458 minutes of reading across 1101 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6) section by section

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Vocabulary met early in The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6)

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Apostrophes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Quotation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Marks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Paragraph
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Paston Letters, A.D. 1422-1509. Volume 5 (of 6); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.