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The Pathfinder
The Pathfinder

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Pathfinder is here in full — 200 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/40 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.
SPENSER.
The Oswego, below the falls, is a more rapid, unequal stream than it is above them.
There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.
Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Pathfinder

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Pathfinder is here in full — 200 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/40 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.
Line 2
SPENSER.
/ˈspensər/
Line 3
The Oswego, below the falls, is a more rapid, unequal stream than it is above them.
Line 4
There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.
/ðer ɑːr ˈpleɪsəz wer ðə ˈrɪvər floʊz ɪn ðə ˈkwaɪət ˈstɪlnəs ʌv diːp ˈwɔːtər bʌt ˈmeni ʃoʊlz ənd ˈræpədz əˈkɜːr ənd æt ðæt ˈdɪstənt deɪ wen ˈevriθɪŋ wɑːz ɪn ɪts ˈnætʃərəl steɪt sʌm ʌv ðə ˈpæsəz wɜːr nɑːt ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər wɪˈθaʊt ˈhæzərd/
Line 5
Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.
/ˈveri ˈlɪtəl ɪɡˈzɜːrʃən wɑːz riˈkwaɪərd ɑːn ðə pɑːrt ʌv ðoʊz huː ˈmænədʒd ðə kəˈnuːz ɪkˈsept ɪn ðoʊz ˈpleɪsəz wer ðə ˈswɪftnəs ʌv ðə ˈkɜːrənt ənd ðə ˈprezəns ʌv ðə rɑːks riˈkwaɪərd ker ðen ˌɪnˈdiːd nɑːt ˈoʊnli ˈvɪdʒələns bʌt ɡreɪt ˈkuːlnəs ˈredinəs ənd streŋkθ ʌv ɑːrm bɪˈkeɪm ˈnesəseri ɪn ˈɔːrdər tuː əˈvɔɪd ðə ˈdeɪndʒərz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

greene noun US /ɡriːn/

English novelist and Catholic (1904-1991)

From this reading “Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.”

rapids noun US /ˈræpədz/

plural of “rapid” — a part of a river where the current is very fast

From this reading “There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.”

shoals noun US /ʃoʊlz/

plural of “shoal” — a sandbank in a stretch of water that is visible at low tide

From this reading “There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.”

spenser noun US /ˈspensər/

English poet who wrote an allegorical romance celebrating Elizabeth I in the Spenserian stanza (1552-1599)

From this reading “SPENSER.”

swiftness noun US /ˈswɪftnəs/

a rate (usually rapid) at which something happens

From this reading “Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.”

unequal adjective US /əˈniːkwəl/

poorly balanced or matched in quantity or value or measure

From this reading “The Oswego, below the falls, is a more rapid, unequal stream than it is above them.”

vigilance noun US /ˈvɪdʒələns/

the process of paying close and continuous attention

From this reading “Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.”

wanton verb US /ˈwɔːntən/

waste time; spend one's time idly or inefficiently

From this reading “Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Oswego, below the falls, is a more rapid, unequal stream than it is above them.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The Oswego, below the falls, is a more rapid, unequal stream than it is above them.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

arber

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

armnounUS /ɑːrm/

a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

Artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

avoidverbUS /əˈvɔɪd/

stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading The Oswego, below the falls, is a more rapid, unequal stream than it is above them.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

canoesnounUS /kəˈnuːz/

plural of “canoe” — small and light boat; pointed at both ends; propelled with a paddle

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

compareverbUS /kəmˈper/

examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

coolnessnounUS /ˈkuːlnəs/

calm and unruffled self-assurance

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

dangersnounUS /ˈdeɪndʒərz/

plural of “danger” — the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

dispred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

eglantines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

exertionnounUS /ɪɡˈzɜːrʃən/

use of physical or mental energy; hard work

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

fallsnounUS /fɔːlz/

the petals or sepals of a flower that bend downward (especially the outer perianth of an iris)

From this reading The Oswego, below the falls, is a more rapid, unequal stream than it is above them.

fayre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

flowingnounUS /ˈfloʊɪŋ/

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

flowsnounUS /floʊz/

plural of “flow” — the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

fragrantadjectiveUS /ˈfreɪɡrənt/

pleasant-smelling

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

Fram'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

greenenounUS /ɡriːn/

English novelist and Catholic (1904-1991)

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

hazardnounUS /ˈhæzərd/

a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Oswego, below the falls, is a more rapid, unequal stream than it is above them.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The Oswego, below the falls, is a more rapid, unequal stream than it is above them.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

managedverbUS /ˈmænədʒd/

past form of “manage” — be successful; achieve a goal

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The Oswego, below the falls, is a more rapid, unequal stream than it is above them.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

occurverbUS /əˈkɜːr/

come to pass

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

Oswego

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Oswego, below the falls, is a more rapid, unequal stream than it is above them.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

passesnounUS /ˈpæsəz/

plural of “pass” — (baseball) an advance to first base by a batter who receives four balls

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

presencenounUS /ˈprezəns/

the state of being present; current existence

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

quietadjectiveUS /ˈkwaɪət/

characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

rapidadjectiveUS /ˈræpəd/

done or occurring in a brief period of time

From this reading The Oswego, below the falls, is a more rapid, unequal stream than it is above them.

rapidsnounUS /ˈræpədz/

plural of “rapid” — a part of a river where the current is very fast

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

readinessnounUS /ˈredinəs/

the state of having been made ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action)

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

shoalsnounUS /ʃoʊlz/

plural of “shoal” — a sandbank in a stretch of water that is visible at low tide

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

SPENSERnounUS /ˈspensər/

English poet who wrote an allegorical romance celebrating Elizabeth I in the Spenserian stanza (1552-1599)

From this reading SPENSER.

spred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

stillnessnounUS /ˈstɪlnəs/

(poetic) tranquil silence

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading The Oswego, below the falls, is a more rapid, unequal stream than it is above them.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

stryving

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

swiftnessnounUS /ˈswɪftnəs/

a rate (usually rapid) at which something happens

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The Oswego, below the falls, is a more rapid, unequal stream than it is above them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The Oswego, below the falls, is a more rapid, unequal stream than it is above them.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

ThroughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

unequaladjectiveUS /əˈniːkwəl/

poorly balanced or matched in quantity or value or measure

From this reading The Oswego, below the falls, is a more rapid, unequal stream than it is above them.

VeryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

vigilancenounUS /ˈvɪdʒələns/

the process of paying close and continuous attention

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

wantonverbUS /ˈwɔːntən/

waste time; spend one's time idly or inefficiently

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Very little exertion was required on the part of those who managed the canoes, except in those places where the swiftness of the current and the presence of the rocks required care; then, indeed, not only vigilance, but great coolness, readiness, and strength of arm became necessary, in order to avoid the dangers.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading There are places where the river flows in the quiet stillness of deep water, but many shoals and rapids occur; and at that distant day, when everything was in its natural state, some of the passes were not altogether without hazard.

yvie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Art, stryving to compare With nature, did an arber greene dispred, Fram'd of wanton yvie flowing fayre, Through which the fragrant eglantines did spred.

Chapter 4 of The Pathfinder by James Fenimore Cooper holds 200 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Pathfinder contain?

Chapter 4 holds 200 sentences of The Pathfinder, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Pathfinder by James Fenimore Cooper exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 200 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Pathfinder?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Pathfinder

Common questions about reading The Pathfinder by James Fenimore Cooper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Pathfinder?

Yes. All 6976 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1880 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Pathfinder is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1880, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Pathfinder take to read?

About 581 minutes of reading across 1396 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Pathfinder section by section

How to work through The Pathfinder section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of The Pathfinder to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Pathfinder

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Pathfinder, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Shall
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pathfinder; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fragrant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pathfinder; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shrine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pathfinder; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Temple
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pathfinder; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.