Chapter VII

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

higher than, or over, something

From this reading On each side of this formidable defile, the ground, covered with trees and underwood, stage above stage, is capable, in case of need, of offering impregnable intrenchments to those who defend the passage.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Its length is more than a mile, forming a crowd of capricious, inextricable windings, which appear constantly to turn back upon themselves.

a river that rises in northern Colombia and flows generally eastward to the Orinoco in central Venezuela

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Its length is more than a mile, forming a crowd of capricious, inextricable windings, which appear constantly to turn back upon themselves.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

a ravine formed by a river in an area with little rainfall

From this reading EL CANYON DEL RIO SECO.

(usually followed by “of”) having capacity or ability

From this reading On each side of this formidable defile, the ground, covered with trees and underwood, stage above stage, is capable, in case of need, of offering impregnable intrenchments to those who defend the passage.

changeable

From this reading Its length is more than a mile, forming a crowd of capricious, inextricable windings, which appear constantly to turn back upon themselves.

an occurrence of something

From this reading On each side of this formidable defile, the ground, covered with trees and underwood, stage above stage, is capable, in case of need, of offering impregnable intrenchments to those who defend the passage.

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading Its length is more than a mile, forming a crowd of capricious, inextricable windings, which appear constantly to turn back upon themselves.

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

cause to herd, drive, or crowd together

From this reading Its length is more than a mile, forming a crowd of capricious, inextricable windings, which appear constantly to turn back upon themselves.

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

argue or speak in defense of

From this reading On each side of this formidable defile, the ground, covered with trees and underwood, stage above stage, is capable, in case of need, of offering impregnable intrenchments to those who defend the passage.

place under suspicion or cast doubt upon

From this reading On each side of this formidable defile, the ground, covered with trees and underwood, stage above stage, is capable, in case of need, of offering impregnable intrenchments to those who defend the passage.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading EL CANYON DEL RIO SECO.

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading On each side of this formidable defile, the ground, covered with trees and underwood, stage above stage, is capable, in case of need, of offering impregnable intrenchments to those who defend the passage.

angular distance above the horizon (especially of a celestial object)

From this reading EL CANYON DEL RIO SECO.

plural of “fir” — nonresinous wood of a fir tree

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

plural of “forest” — the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

extremely impressive in strength or excellence

From this reading On each side of this formidable defile, the ground, covered with trees and underwood, stage above stage, is capable, in case of need, of offering impregnable intrenchments to those who defend the passage.

-ing form of “form” — create (as an entity)

From this reading Its length is more than a mile, forming a crowd of capricious, inextricable windings, which appear constantly to turn back upon themselves.

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

plutonic igneous rock having visibly crystalline texture; generally composed of feldspar and mica and quartz

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading On each side of this formidable defile, the ground, covered with trees and underwood, stage above stage, is capable, in case of need, of offering impregnable intrenchments to those who defend the passage.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

not admitting of penetration or passage into or through

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

impressive in appearance

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

immune to attack; incapable of being tampered with

From this reading On each side of this formidable defile, the ground, covered with trees and underwood, stage above stage, is capable, in case of need, of offering impregnable intrenchments to those who defend the passage.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading On each side of this formidable defile, the ground, covered with trees and underwood, stage above stage, is capable, in case of need, of offering impregnable intrenchments to those who defend the passage.

not permitting extrication; incapable of being disentangled or untied

From this reading Its length is more than a mile, forming a crowd of capricious, inextricable windings, which appear constantly to turn back upon themselves.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On each side of this formidable defile, the ground, covered with trees and underwood, stage above stage, is capable, in case of need, of offering impregnable intrenchments to those who defend the passage.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Its length is more than a mile, forming a crowd of capricious, inextricable windings, which appear constantly to turn back upon themselves.

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

plural of “league” — an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading Its length is more than a mile, forming a crowd of capricious, inextricable windings, which appear constantly to turn back upon themselves.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading Its length is more than a mile, forming a crowd of capricious, inextricable windings, which appear constantly to turn back upon themselves.

very unhappy; full of misery

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Its length is more than a mile, forming a crowd of capricious, inextricable windings, which appear constantly to turn back upon themselves.

used to form the superlative

From this reading A passage of twenty yards at most, is opened by nature through this wall.

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading A passage of twenty yards at most, is opened by nature through this wall.

a condition requiring relief

From this reading On each side of this formidable defile, the ground, covered with trees and underwood, stage above stage, is capable, in case of need, of offering impregnable intrenchments to those who defend the passage.

plural of “oak” — the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

something offered (as a proposal or bid)

From this reading On each side of this formidable defile, the ground, covered with trees and underwood, stage above stage, is capable, in case of need, of offering impregnable intrenchments to those who defend the passage.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading A passage of twenty yards at most, is opened by nature through this wall.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading A passage of twenty yards at most, is opened by nature through this wall.

furnished with people

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

with speed

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

the former capital and 2nd largest city of Brazil; chief Brazilian port; famous as a tourist attraction

From this reading EL CANYON DEL RIO SECO.

plural of “rise” — a growth in strength or number or importance

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading EL CANYON DEL RIO SECO.

plural of “shepherd” — a clergyman who watches over a group of people

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading On each side of this formidable defile, the ground, covered with trees and underwood, stage above stage, is capable, in case of need, of offering impregnable intrenchments to those who defend the passage.

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading On each side of this formidable defile, the ground, covered with trees and underwood, stage above stage, is capable, in case of need, of offering impregnable intrenchments to those who defend the passage.

happening unexpectedly

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Its length is more than a mile, forming a crowd of capricious, inextricable windings, which appear constantly to turn back upon themselves.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Its length is more than a mile, forming a crowd of capricious, inextricable windings, which appear constantly to turn back upon themselves.

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A passage of twenty yards at most, is opened by nature through this wall.

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading On each side of this formidable defile, the ground, covered with trees and underwood, stage above stage, is capable, in case of need, of offering impregnable intrenchments to those who defend the passage.

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading A passage of twenty yards at most, is opened by nature through this wall.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading On each side of this formidable defile, the ground, covered with trees and underwood, stage above stage, is capable, in case of need, of offering impregnable intrenchments to those who defend the passage.

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading Its length is more than a mile, forming a crowd of capricious, inextricable windings, which appear constantly to turn back upon themselves.

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

the brush (small trees and bushes and ferns etc.) growing beneath taller trees in a wood or forest

From this reading On each side of this formidable defile, the ground, covered with trees and underwood, stage above stage, is capable, in case of need, of offering impregnable intrenchments to those who defend the passage.

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Its length is more than a mile, forming a crowd of capricious, inextricable windings, which appear constantly to turn back upon themselves.

a person who has never had sex

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

which person or people

From this reading On each side of this formidable defile, the ground, covered with trees and underwood, stage above stage, is capable, in case of need, of offering impregnable intrenchments to those who defend the passage.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Its length is more than a mile, forming a crowd of capricious, inextricable windings, which appear constantly to turn back upon themselves.

in the company of; together with

From this reading At about ten leagues from San Miguel de la Frontera, a miserable town peopled by some twenty or thirty Huiliche shepherds, on the road to Arauca, the land rises rapidly, and suddenly forms an imposing wall of granite, the summit of which is covered with virgin forests of firs and oaks, impenetrable to the sun.

plural of “yard” — a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading A passage of twenty yards at most, is opened by nature through this wall.