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The Penalty
The Penalty

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Penalty is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Penalty
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.
Yet if you had played a larger part in my life I should have been so spoiled that there would be no living with me.
And I'm spoiled enough, God knows!
In the Iliad you wrote for me, and I "drawed" for us both, 'twas Hector fixed Achilles.
When I sat at your right hand and your sharp, swift knife went into the turkey, 'twas I that got the tit-bits and the oyster.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Penalty

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Penalty is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.
/ɪf aɪ ʃʊd luːz frʌm maɪ laɪf ðæt pɑːrt ʌv ɪt ʌv wɪtʃ juː ɑːr ə pɑːrt ðer wʊd biː bʌt ə ˈskelətən left/
Line 2
Yet if you had played a larger part in my life I should have been so spoiled that there would be no living with me.
/jet ɪf juː hæd pleɪd ə ˈlɑːrdʒər pɑːrt ɪn maɪ laɪf aɪ ʃʊd hæv bɪn soʊ spɔɪld ðæt ðer wʊd biː noʊ ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪð miː/
Line 3
And I'm spoiled enough, God knows!
Line 4
In the Iliad you wrote for me, and I "drawed" for us both, 'twas Hector fixed Achilles.
Line 5
When I sat at your right hand and your sharp, swift knife went into the turkey, 'twas I that got the tit-bits and the oyster.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Achilles noun US /əˈkɪliz/

a mythical Greek hero of the Iliad

From this reading “In the Iliad you wrote for me, and I "drawed" for us both, 'twas Hector fixed Achilles.”

Hector noun US /ˈhektər/

(Greek mythology) a mythical Trojan who was killed by Achilles during the Trojan War

From this reading “In the Iliad you wrote for me, and I "drawed" for us both, 'twas Hector fixed Achilles.”

Iliad noun US /ˈɪliəd/

a Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the siege of Troy

From this reading “In the Iliad you wrote for me, and I "drawed" for us both, 'twas Hector fixed Achilles.”

larger adjective US /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading “Yet if you had played a larger part in my life I should have been so spoiled that there would be no living with me.”

oyster noun US /ˈɔɪstər/

marine mollusks having a rough irregular shell; found on the sea bed mostly in coastal waters

From this reading “When I sat at your right hand and your sharp, swift knife went into the turkey, 'twas I that got the tit-bits and the oyster.”

skeleton noun US /ˈskelətən/

something reduced to its minimal form

From this reading “If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.”

spoiled adjective US /spɔɪld/

having the character or disposition harmed by pampering or oversolicitous attention

From this reading “Yet if you had played a larger part in my life I should have been so spoiled that there would be no living with me.”

turkey noun US /ˈtɜːrki/

large gallinaceous bird with fan-shaped tail; widely domesticated for food

From this reading “When I sat at your right hand and your sharp, swift knife went into the turkey, 'twas I that got the tit-bits and the oyster.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

AchillesnounUS /əˈkɪliz/

a mythical Greek hero of the Iliad

From this reading In the Iliad you wrote for me, and I "drawed" for us both, 'twas Hector fixed Achilles.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And I'm spoiled enough, God knows!

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading When I sat at your right hand and your sharp, swift knife went into the turkey, 'twas I that got the tit-bits and the oyster.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Yet if you had played a larger part in my life I should have been so spoiled that there would be no living with me.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading In the Iliad you wrote for me, and I "drawed" for us both, 'twas Hector fixed Achilles.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

drawed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the Iliad you wrote for me, and I "drawed" for us both, 'twas Hector fixed Achilles.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading And I'm spoiled enough, God knows!

fixedadjectiveUS /fɪkst/

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading In the Iliad you wrote for me, and I "drawed" for us both, 'twas Hector fixed Achilles.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In the Iliad you wrote for me, and I "drawed" for us both, 'twas Hector fixed Achilles.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading And I'm spoiled enough, God knows!

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading When I sat at your right hand and your sharp, swift knife went into the turkey, 'twas I that got the tit-bits and the oyster.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Yet if you had played a larger part in my life I should have been so spoiled that there would be no living with me.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading When I sat at your right hand and your sharp, swift knife went into the turkey, 'twas I that got the tit-bits and the oyster.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Yet if you had played a larger part in my life I should have been so spoiled that there would be no living with me.

HectornounUS /ˈhektər/

(Greek mythology) a mythical Trojan who was killed by Achilles during the Trojan War

From this reading In the Iliad you wrote for me, and I "drawed" for us both, 'twas Hector fixed Achilles.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

I'm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And I'm spoiled enough, God knows!

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

IliadnounUS /ˈɪliəd/

a Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the siege of Troy

From this reading In the Iliad you wrote for me, and I "drawed" for us both, 'twas Hector fixed Achilles.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Yet if you had played a larger part in my life I should have been so spoiled that there would be no living with me.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading When I sat at your right hand and your sharp, swift knife went into the turkey, 'twas I that got the tit-bits and the oyster.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

knifenounUS /naɪf/

edge tool used as a cutting instrument; has a pointed blade with a sharp edge and a handle

From this reading When I sat at your right hand and your sharp, swift knife went into the turkey, 'twas I that got the tit-bits and the oyster.

knowsnounUS /noʊz/

plural of “know” — the fact of being aware of information that is known to few people

From this reading And I'm spoiled enough, God knows!

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading Yet if you had played a larger part in my life I should have been so spoiled that there would be no living with me.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading Yet if you had played a larger part in my life I should have been so spoiled that there would be no living with me.

loseverbUS /luːz/

fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Yet if you had played a larger part in my life I should have been so spoiled that there would be no living with me.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Yet if you had played a larger part in my life I should have been so spoiled that there would be no living with me.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

oysternounUS /ˈɔɪstər/

marine mollusks having a rough irregular shell; found on the sea bed mostly in coastal waters

From this reading When I sat at your right hand and your sharp, swift knife went into the turkey, 'twas I that got the tit-bits and the oyster.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

playedadjectiveUS /pleɪd/

(of games) engaged in

From this reading Yet if you had played a larger part in my life I should have been so spoiled that there would be no living with me.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading When I sat at your right hand and your sharp, swift knife went into the turkey, 'twas I that got the tit-bits and the oyster.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading When I sat at your right hand and your sharp, swift knife went into the turkey, 'twas I that got the tit-bits and the oyster.

sharpadjectiveUS /ʃɑːrp/

(of something seen or heard) clearly defined

From this reading When I sat at your right hand and your sharp, swift knife went into the turkey, 'twas I that got the tit-bits and the oyster.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

skeletonnounUS /ˈskelətən/

something reduced to its minimal form

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Yet if you had played a larger part in my life I should have been so spoiled that there would be no living with me.

spoiledadjectiveUS /spɔɪld/

having the character or disposition harmed by pampering or oversolicitous attention

From this reading Yet if you had played a larger part in my life I should have been so spoiled that there would be no living with me.

swiftadjectiveUS /swɪft/

moving very fast

From this reading When I sat at your right hand and your sharp, swift knife went into the turkey, 'twas I that got the tit-bits and the oyster.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the Iliad you wrote for me, and I "drawed" for us both, 'twas Hector fixed Achilles.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

tit-bits

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When I sat at your right hand and your sharp, swift knife went into the turkey, 'twas I that got the tit-bits and the oyster.

turkeynounUS /ˈtɜːrki/

large gallinaceous bird with fan-shaped tail; widely domesticated for food

From this reading When I sat at your right hand and your sharp, swift knife went into the turkey, 'twas I that got the tit-bits and the oyster.

twas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the Iliad you wrote for me, and I "drawed" for us both, 'twas Hector fixed Achilles.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In the Iliad you wrote for me, and I "drawed" for us both, 'twas Hector fixed Achilles.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading When I sat at your right hand and your sharp, swift knife went into the turkey, 'twas I that got the tit-bits and the oyster.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When I sat at your right hand and your sharp, swift knife went into the turkey, 'twas I that got the tit-bits and the oyster.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Yet if you had played a larger part in my life I should have been so spoiled that there would be no living with me.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading In the Iliad you wrote for me, and I "drawed" for us both, 'twas Hector fixed Achilles.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet if you had played a larger part in my life I should have been so spoiled that there would be no living with me.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If I should lose from my life that part of it of which you are a part, there would be but a skeleton left.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading When I sat at your right hand and your sharp, swift knife went into the turkey, 'twas I that got the tit-bits and the oyster.

Chapter 1 of The Penalty by Gouverneur Morris holds 410 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Penalty contain?

Chapter 1 holds 410 sentences of The Penalty, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Penalty by Gouverneur Morris exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 410 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Penalty?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Penalty

Common questions about reading The Penalty by Gouverneur Morris on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Penalty?

Yes. All 5676 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12557 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Penalty is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12557, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Penalty take to read?

About 473 minutes of reading across 1136 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Penalty section by section

How to work through The Penalty section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of The Penalty to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Penalty

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Penalty, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Skeleton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Penalty; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Played
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Penalty; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Larger
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Penalty; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spoiled
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Penalty; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.