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The Personal History of David Copperfield
The Personal History of David Copperfield

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Personal History of David Copperfield is here in full — 516 sentences across 104 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Personal History of David Copperfield
Context Illustration Reading 1/103 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A RETROSPECT.
My school-days!
The silent gliding on of my existence--the unseen, unfelt progress of my life--from childhood up to youth!
Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.
A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Personal History of David Copperfield

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Personal History of David Copperfield is here in full — 516 sentences across 104 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/103 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A RETROSPECT.
/ə ˈretrəspekt/
Line 2
My school-days!
Line 3
The silent gliding on of my existence--the unseen, unfelt progress of my life--from childhood up to youth!
Line 4
Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.
Line 5
A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.
/ə ˈmoʊmənt ənd aɪ ˈɑːkjəpaɪ maɪ pleɪs ɪn ðə kəˈθiːdrəl wer wiː ɔːl went təˈɡeðər ˈevəri ˈsʌndeɪ ˈmɔːrnɪŋ əˈsembəlɪŋ fɜːrst æt skuːl fɔːr ðæt ˈpɜːrpəs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

assembling noun US /əˈsembəlɪŋ/

the act of gathering something together

From this reading “A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.”

Cathedral noun US /kəˈθiːdrəl/

any large and important church

From this reading “A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.”

flowing noun US /ˈfloʊɪŋ/

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading “Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.”

gliding noun US /ˈɡlaɪdɪŋ/

the activity of flying a glider

From this reading “The silent gliding on of my existence--the unseen, unfelt progress of my life--from childhood up to youth!”

occupy verb US /ˈɑːkjəpaɪ/

keep busy with

From this reading “A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.”

overgrown adjective US /ˌoʊvərˈɡroʊn/

covered with growing plants

From this reading “Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.”

retrospect noun US /ˈretrəspekt/

contemplation of things past

From this reading “A RETROSPECT.”

unseen adjective US /ənˈsiːn/

not seen or perceived

From this reading “The silent gliding on of my existence--the unseen, unfelt progress of my life--from childhood up to youth!”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

flowing water noun + noun

In this reading “Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.”

at school preposition + noun

In this reading “A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.”

look back verb + particle

look towards one's back

In this reading “Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.”

went together verb + particle counted as “go together”

In this reading “A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A RETROSPECT.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

assemblingnounUS /əˈsembəlɪŋ/

the act of gathering something together

From this reading A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

CathedralnounUS /kəˈθiːdrəl/

any large and important church

From this reading A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.

channelnounUS /ˈtʃænəl/

a path over which electrical signals can pass

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

childhoodnounUS /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/

the time of person's life when they are a child

From this reading The silent gliding on of my existence--the unseen, unfelt progress of my life--from childhood up to youth!

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading The silent gliding on of my existence--the unseen, unfelt progress of my life--from childhood up to youth!

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.

flowingnounUS /ˈfloʊɪŋ/

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The silent gliding on of my existence--the unseen, unfelt progress of my life--from childhood up to youth!

glidingnounUS /ˈɡlaɪdɪŋ/

the activity of flying a glider

From this reading The silent gliding on of my existence--the unseen, unfelt progress of my life--from childhood up to youth!

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

Letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The silent gliding on of my existence--the unseen, unfelt progress of my life--from childhood up to youth!

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

marksnounUS /mɑːrks/

English businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964)

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My school-days!

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

occupyverbUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪ/

keep busy with

From this reading A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The silent gliding on of my existence--the unseen, unfelt progress of my life--from childhood up to youth!

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The silent gliding on of my existence--the unseen, unfelt progress of my life--from childhood up to youth!

overgrownadjectiveUS /ˌoʊvərˈɡroʊn/

covered with growing plants

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading The silent gliding on of my existence--the unseen, unfelt progress of my life--from childhood up to youth!

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

RETROSPECTnounUS /ˈretrəspekt/

contemplation of things past

From this reading A RETROSPECT.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.

school-days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My school-days!

silentadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪlənt/

marked by absence of sound

From this reading The silent gliding on of my existence--the unseen, unfelt progress of my life--from childhood up to youth!

SundaynounUS /ˈsʌndeɪ/

first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The silent gliding on of my existence--the unseen, unfelt progress of my life--from childhood up to youth!

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The silent gliding on of my existence--the unseen, unfelt progress of my life--from childhood up to youth!

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.

unfelt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The silent gliding on of my existence--the unseen, unfelt progress of my life--from childhood up to youth!

unseenadjectiveUS /ənˈsiːn/

not seen or perceived

From this reading The silent gliding on of my existence--the unseen, unfelt progress of my life--from childhood up to youth!

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The silent gliding on of my existence--the unseen, unfelt progress of my life--from childhood up to youth!

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading A moment, and I occupy my place in the Cathedral, where we all went together, every Sunday morning, assembling first at school for that purpose.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Let me think, as I look back upon that flowing water, now a dry channel overgrown with leaves, whether there are any marks along its course, by which I can remember how it ran.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading The silent gliding on of my existence--the unseen, unfelt progress of my life--from childhood up to youth!

Chapter 8 of The Personal History of David Copperfield by Charles Dickens holds 516 sentences, grouped into 104 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Personal History of David Copperfield contain?

Chapter 8 holds 516 sentences of The Personal History of David Copperfield, unabridged, divided into 104 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Personal History of David Copperfield by Charles Dickens exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 516 sentences, grouped into 104 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Personal History of David Copperfield?

Work through the 104 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 104 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Personal History of David Copperfield

Common questions about reading The Personal History of David Copperfield by Charles Dickens on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Personal History of David Copperfield?

Yes. All 18363 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #43111 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Personal History of David Copperfield is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #43111, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Personal History of David Copperfield take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 3673 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Personal History of David Copperfield section by section

How to work through The Personal History of David Copperfield section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of The Personal History of David Copperfield to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Personal History of David Copperfield

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Personal History of David Copperfield, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Personal History of David Copperfield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represents
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Personal History of David Copperfield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pointing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Personal History of David Copperfield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Right
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Personal History of David Copperfield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.