Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Personal History of David Copperfield
The Personal History of David Copperfield

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Personal History of David Copperfield is here in full — 810 sentences across 162 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Personal History of David Copperfield
Context Illustration Reading 1/162 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A DISSOLUTION OF PARTNERSHIP.
I did not allow my resolution, with respect to the Parliamentary Debates, to cool.
It was one of the irons I began to heat immediately, and one of the irons I kept hot, and hammered at, with a perseverance I may honestly admire.
I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.
The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Personal History of David Copperfield

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Personal History of David Copperfield is here in full — 810 sentences across 162 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/162 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A DISSOLUTION OF PARTNERSHIP.
/ə ˌdɪsəˈluːʃən ʌv ˈpɑːrtnərʃɪp/
Line 2
I did not allow my resolution, with respect to the Parliamentary Debates, to cool.
/aɪ dɪd nɑːt əˈlaʊ maɪ ˌrezəˈluːʃən wɪð rɪˈspekt tuː ðə ˌpɑːrləˈmentəri dəˈbeɪts tuː kuːl/
Line 3
It was one of the irons I began to heat immediately, and one of the irons I kept hot, and hammered at, with a perseverance I may honestly admire.
/ɪt wɑːz wʌn ʌv ðə ˈaɪərnz aɪ bɪˈɡæn tuː hiːt ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli ənd wʌn ʌv ðə ˈaɪərnz aɪ kept hɑːt ənd ˈhæmərd æt wɪð ə ˌpɝː.səˈvɪr.əns aɪ meɪ ˈɑːnəstli ædˈmaɪr/
Line 4
I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.
Line 5
The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

confines noun US /ˈkɑːnfaɪnz/

a bounded scope

From this reading “I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.”

Debates noun US /dəˈbeɪts/

plural of “debate” — a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal

From this reading “I did not allow my resolution, with respect to the Parliamentary Debates, to cool.”

dissolution noun US /ˌdɪsəˈluːʃən/

separation into component parts

From this reading “A DISSOLUTION OF PARTNERSHIP.”

distraction noun US /dɪˈstrækʃən/

mental turmoil

From this reading “I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.”

dots noun US /dɑːts/

plural of “dot” — a very small circular shape

From this reading “The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.”

hammered adjective US /ˈhæmərd/

shaped or worked with a hammer and often showing hammer marks

From this reading “It was one of the irons I began to heat immediately, and one of the irons I kept hot, and hammered at, with a perseverance I may honestly admire.”

Parliamentary adjective US /ˌpɑːrləˈmentəri/

relating to or having the nature of a parliament

From this reading “I did not allow my resolution, with respect to the Parliamentary Debates, to cool.”

vagaries noun US /ˈveɪɡəriz/

plural of “vagary” — an unexpected and inexplicable change in something (in a situation or a person's behavior, etc.)

From this reading “The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

waking hours adjective + noun

In this reading “The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.”

entirely different adverb + adjective

In this reading “The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.”

plunged into verb + particle counted as “plunge into”

In this reading “I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.”

few weeks adjective + noun counted as “few week”

In this reading “I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.”

into a sea preposition + article + noun counted as “into … sea”

In this reading “I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.”

with respect preposition + noun

In this reading “I did not allow my resolution, with respect to the Parliamentary Debates, to cool.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A DISSOLUTION OF PARTNERSHIP.

admireverbUS /ædˈmaɪr/

feel admiration for

From this reading It was one of the irons I began to heat immediately, and one of the irons I kept hot, and hammered at, with a perseverance I may honestly admire.

allowverbUS /əˈlaʊ/

make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading I did not allow my resolution, with respect to the Parliamentary Debates, to cool.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was one of the irons I began to heat immediately, and one of the irons I kept hot, and hammered at, with a perseverance I may honestly admire.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

approvedadjectiveUS /əˈpruːvd/

established by authority; given authoritative approval

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was one of the irons I began to heat immediately, and one of the irons I kept hot, and hammered at, with a perseverance I may honestly admire.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading It was one of the irons I began to heat immediately, and one of the irons I kept hot, and hammered at, with a perseverance I may honestly admire.

boughtverbUS /bɑːt/

inflected form of “buy” — obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

circlesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəlz/

plural of “circle” — ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

confinesnounUS /ˈkɑːnfaɪnz/

a bounded scope

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

consequencesnounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz/

plural of “consequence” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

cooladjectiveUS /kuːl/

neither warm nor very cold; giving relief from heat

From this reading I did not allow my resolution, with respect to the Parliamentary Debates, to cool.

costnounUS /kɑːst/

the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

curvenounUS /kɜːrv/

the trace of a point whose direction of motion changes

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

DebatesnounUS /dəˈbeɪts/

plural of “debate” — a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal

From this reading I did not allow my resolution, with respect to the Parliamentary Debates, to cool.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading I did not allow my resolution, with respect to the Parliamentary Debates, to cool.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

DISSOLUTIONnounUS /ˌdɪsəˈluːʃən/

separation into component parts

From this reading A DISSOLUTION OF PARTNERSHIP.

distractionnounUS /dɪˈstrækʃən/

mental turmoil

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

dotsnounUS /dɑːts/

plural of “dot” — a very small circular shape

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

effectsnounUS /ɪˈfekts/

property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

fliesnounUS /flaɪz/

(theater) the space over the stage (out of view of the audience) used to store scenery (drop curtains)

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

hammeredadjectiveUS /ˈhæmərd/

shaped or worked with a hammer and often showing hammer marks

From this reading It was one of the irons I began to heat immediately, and one of the irons I kept hot, and hammered at, with a perseverance I may honestly admire.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading It was one of the irons I began to heat immediately, and one of the irons I kept hot, and hammered at, with a perseverance I may honestly admire.

honestlyadverbUS /ˈɑːnəstli/

(used as intensives reflecting the speaker's attitude) it is sincerely the case that

From this reading It was one of the irons I began to heat immediately, and one of the irons I kept hot, and hammered at, with a perseverance I may honestly admire.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading It was one of the irons I began to heat immediately, and one of the irons I kept hot, and hammered at, with a perseverance I may honestly admire.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I did not allow my resolution, with respect to the Parliamentary Debates, to cool.

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading It was one of the irons I began to heat immediately, and one of the irons I kept hot, and hammered at, with a perseverance I may honestly admire.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

ironsnounUS /ˈaɪərnz/

metal shackles; for hands or legs

From this reading It was one of the irons I began to heat immediately, and one of the irons I kept hot, and hammered at, with a perseverance I may honestly admire.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was one of the irons I began to heat immediately, and one of the irons I kept hot, and hammered at, with a perseverance I may honestly admire.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading It was one of the irons I began to heat immediately, and one of the irons I kept hot, and hammered at, with a perseverance I may honestly admire.

legsnounUS /leɡz/

staying power

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

marksnounUS /mɑːrks/

English businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964)

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading It was one of the irons I began to heat immediately, and one of the irons I kept hot, and hammered at, with a perseverance I may honestly admire.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

meantverbUS /ment/

inflected form of “mean” — mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I did not allow my resolution, with respect to the Parliamentary Debates, to cool.

mysterynounUS /ˈmɪstəri/

something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I did not allow my resolution, with respect to the Parliamentary Debates, to cool.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A DISSOLUTION OF PARTNERSHIP.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It was one of the irons I began to heat immediately, and one of the irons I kept hot, and hammered at, with a perseverance I may honestly admire.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

ParliamentaryadjectiveUS /ˌpɑːrləˈmentəri/

relating to or having the nature of a parliament

From this reading I did not allow my resolution, with respect to the Parliamentary Debates, to cool.

PARTNERSHIPnounUS /ˈpɑːrtnərʃɪp/

the members of a business venture created by contract

From this reading A DISSOLUTION OF PARTNERSHIP.

perplexitynounUS /pərˈpleksəti/

trouble or confusion resulting from complexity

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

perseverancenounUS /ˌpɝː.səˈvɪr.əns/

Persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in success. (Sự kiên trì, bền bỉ không bỏ cuộc.)

From this reading It was one of the irons I began to heat immediately, and one of the irons I kept hot, and hammered at, with a perseverance I may honestly admire.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

playedadjectiveUS /pleɪd/

(of games) engaged in

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

plungedverbUS /plʌndʒd/

past form of “plunge” — thrust or throw into

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

reappearedverbUS /ˌriːəˈpɪrd/

past form of “reappear” — appear again

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

resolutionnounUS /ˌrezəˈluːʃən/

a formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote

From this reading I did not allow my resolution, with respect to the Parliamentary Debates, to cool.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading I did not allow my resolution, with respect to the Parliamentary Debates, to cool.

resultedverbUS /rɪˈzʌltɪd/

past form of “result” — issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

rungnounUS /rʌŋ/

a crosspiece between the legs of a chair

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

schemenounUS /skiːm/

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

sixpencenoun

a small coin of the United Kingdom worth six pennies; not minted since 1970

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

stenographynoun

a method of writing rapidly using an abbreviated symbolic system

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I did not allow my resolution, with respect to the Parliamentary Debates, to cool.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I did not allow my resolution, with respect to the Parliamentary Debates, to cool.

tremendousadjectiveUS /trəˈmendəs/

extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

troubledadjectiveUS /ˈtrʌbəld/

characterized by or indicative of distress or affliction or danger or need

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

unaccountableadjectiveUS /ˌʌnəˈkaʊntəbəl/

not to be accounted for or explained

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

vagariesnounUS /ˈveɪɡəriz/

plural of “vagary” — an unexpected and inexplicable change in something (in a situation or a person's behavior, etc.)

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

wakingadjectiveUS /ˈweɪ.kɪŋ/

Risen from sleep; conscious.

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was one of the irons I began to heat immediately, and one of the irons I kept hot, and hammered at, with a perseverance I may honestly admire.

weeksnounUS /wiːks/

plural of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I bought an approved scheme of the noble art and mystery of stenography (which cost me ten and sixpence); and plunged into a sea of perplexity that brought me, in a few weeks, to the confines of distraction.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I did not allow my resolution, with respect to the Parliamentary Debates, to cool.

wonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

wrongadjectiveUS /rɔːŋ/

not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth

From this reading The changes that were rung upon dots, which in such a position meant such a thing, and in such another position something else, entirely different; the wonderful vagaries that were played by circles; the unaccountable consequences that resulted from marks like flies' legs; the tremendous effects of a curve in a wrong place; not only troubled my waking hours, but reappeared before me in my sleep.

Chapter 16 of The Personal History of David Copperfield by Charles Dickens holds 810 sentences, grouped into 162 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The Personal History of David Copperfield contain?

Chapter 16 holds 810 sentences of The Personal History of David Copperfield, unabridged, divided into 162 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The Personal History of David Copperfield by Charles Dickens exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 810 sentences, grouped into 162 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The Personal History of David Copperfield?

Work through the 162 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 162 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Personal History of David Copperfield

Common questions about reading The Personal History of David Copperfield by Charles Dickens on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Personal History of David Copperfield?

Yes. All 18363 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #43111 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Personal History of David Copperfield is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #43111, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Personal History of David Copperfield take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 3673 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Personal History of David Copperfield section by section

How to work through The Personal History of David Copperfield section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of The Personal History of David Copperfield to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Personal History of David Copperfield

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Personal History of David Copperfield, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Personal History of David Copperfield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represents
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Personal History of David Copperfield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pointing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Personal History of David Copperfield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Right
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Personal History of David Copperfield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.