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The Pilgrims' First Christmas
The Pilgrims' First Christmas

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Pilgrims' First Christmas is here in full — 157 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Pilgrims' First Christmas
Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was a bleak December day in the year 1620.
All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.
The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.
It was as if the Almighty would try them, as he tried Abraham.
What could now sustain them but the spirit of God and his grace?
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Pilgrims' First Christmas

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Pilgrims' First Christmas is here in full — 157 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was a bleak December day in the year 1620.
Line 2
All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.
/ɔːl deɪ lɔːŋ ðə ˈmeɪflaʊər ˈstrʌɡəld əˈlɔːŋ ðə koʊst əˈmɪdst ðə reɪn ənd snoʊ hɜːr ˈrʌdər ˈbroʊkən hɜːr mæsts splɪt ɪn θriː ˈpiːsəz ənd ˈhevi siːz ˈdæʃɪŋ ˈoʊvər hɜːr baʊ/
Line 3
The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.
/ðə men hæd bɪn kɔːld tuː mæn ðə ɔːrz ənd ɔːl wɜːr fɪld wɪð æŋˈzaɪəti ənd ɡriːf ənd ˌæprɪˈhenʃən ʌv ənˈnoʊn ˈperəlz tuː biː feɪst/
Line 4
It was as if the Almighty would try them, as he tried Abraham.
/ɪt wɑːz æz ɪf ðə ɔːlˈmaɪti wʊd traɪ ðem æz hiː traɪd ˈeɪbrəhæm/
Line 5
What could now sustain them but the spirit of God and his grace?
/wʌt kʊd naʊ səˈsteɪn ðem bʌt ðə ˈspɪrət ʌv ɡɑːd ənd hɪz ɡreɪs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Abraham noun US /ˈeɪbrəhæm/

the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son

From this reading “It was as if the Almighty would try them, as he tried Abraham.”

Almighty noun US /ɔːlˈmaɪti/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading “It was as if the Almighty would try them, as he tried Abraham.”

bleak adjective US /bliːk/

offering little or no hope

From this reading “It was a bleak December day in the year 1620.”

masts noun US /mæsts/

plural of “mast” — a vertical spar for supporting sails

From this reading “All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.”

Mayflower noun US /ˈmeɪflaʊər/

the ship in which the Pilgrim Fathers sailed from England to Massachusetts in 1620

From this reading “All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.”

perils noun US /ˈperəlz/

plural of “peril” — a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading “The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.”

rudder noun US /ˈrʌdər/

a hinged vertical airfoil mounted at the tail of an aircraft and used to make horizontal course changes

From this reading “All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.”

sustain verb US /səˈsteɪn/

lengthen or extend in duration or space

From this reading “What could now sustain them but the spirit of God and his grace?”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

along the coast preposition + article + noun counted as “along … coast”

In this reading “All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.”

heavy seas adjective + noun counted as “heavy sea”

In this reading “All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.”

All day adjective + noun

In this reading “All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.”

with anxiety preposition + noun

In this reading “The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1620

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a bleak December day in the year 1620.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was a bleak December day in the year 1620.

AbrahamnounUS /ˈeɪbrəhæm/

the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son

From this reading It was as if the Almighty would try them, as he tried Abraham.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

AlmightynounUS /ɔːlˈmaɪti/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading It was as if the Almighty would try them, as he tried Abraham.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

amidstprepositionUS /əˈmɪdst/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

anxietynounUS /æŋˈzaɪəti/

(psychiatry) a relatively permanent state of worry and nervousness occurring in a variety of mental disorders, usually accompanied by compulsive behavior or attacks of panic

From this reading The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.

apprehensionnounUS /ˌæprɪˈhenʃən/

fearful expectation or anticipation

From this reading The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was as if the Almighty would try them, as he tried Abraham.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.

bleakadjectiveUS /bliːk/

offering little or no hope

From this reading It was a bleak December day in the year 1620.

bownounUS /baʊ/

a knot with two loops and loose ends; used to tie shoelaces

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading What could now sustain them but the spirit of God and his grace?

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading What could now sustain them but the spirit of God and his grace?

dashingadjectiveUS /ˈdæʃɪŋ/

lively and spirited

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading It was a bleak December day in the year 1620.

DecembernounUS /dɪˈsembər/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading It was a bleak December day in the year 1620.

facedadjectiveUS /feɪst/

having a face or facing especially of a specified kind or number; often used in combination

From this reading The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading What could now sustain them but the spirit of God and his grace?

gracenounUS /ɡreɪs/

(Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence

From this reading What could now sustain them but the spirit of God and his grace?

griefnounUS /ɡriːf/

intense sorrow caused by loss of a loved one (especially by death)

From this reading The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was as if the Almighty would try them, as he tried Abraham.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading What could now sustain them but the spirit of God and his grace?

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading It was as if the Almighty would try them, as he tried Abraham.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was a bleak December day in the year 1620.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a bleak December day in the year 1620.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.

mastsnounUS /mæsts/

plural of “mast” — a vertical spar for supporting sails

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

MayflowernounUS /ˈmeɪflaʊər/

the ship in which the Pilgrim Fathers sailed from England to Massachusetts in 1620

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading What could now sustain them but the spirit of God and his grace?

oarsnounUS /ɔːrz/

plural of “oar” — an implement used to propel or steer a boat

From this reading The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

perilsnounUS /ˈperəlz/

plural of “peril” — a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

ruddernounUS /ˈrʌdər/

a hinged vertical airfoil mounted at the tail of an aircraft and used to make horizontal course changes

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

seasnounUS /siːz/

plural of “sea” — a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading What could now sustain them but the spirit of God and his grace?

splitverbUS /splɪt/

separate into parts or portions

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

struggledverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəld/

past form of “struggle” — make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

sustainverbUS /səˈsteɪn/

lengthen or extend in duration or space

From this reading What could now sustain them but the spirit of God and his grace?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was a bleak December day in the year 1620.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It was as if the Almighty would try them, as he tried Abraham.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading All day long, the Mayflower struggled along the coast amidst the rain and snow, her rudder broken, her masts split in three pieces, and heavy seas dashing over her bow.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading It was as if the Almighty would try them, as he tried Abraham.

tryverbUS /traɪ/

make an effort or attempt

From this reading It was as if the Almighty would try them, as he tried Abraham.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was a bleak December day in the year 1620.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What could now sustain them but the spirit of God and his grace?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The men had been called to man the oars and all were filled with anxiety and grief and apprehension of unknown perils to be faced.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It was as if the Almighty would try them, as he tried Abraham.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading It was a bleak December day in the year 1620.

Chapter 1 of The Pilgrims' First Christmas by Josephine Pittman Scribner holds 157 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Pilgrims' First Christmas contain?

Chapter 1 holds 157 sentences of The Pilgrims' First Christmas, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Pilgrims' First Christmas by Josephine Pittman Scribner exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 157 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Pilgrims' First Christmas?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Pilgrims' First Christmas

Common questions about reading The Pilgrims' First Christmas by Josephine Pittman Scribner on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Pilgrims' First Christmas?

Yes. All 157 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #66828 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Pilgrims' First Christmas is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #66828, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Pilgrims' First Christmas take to read?

About 13 minutes of reading across 32 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Pilgrims' First Christmas section by section

How to work through The Pilgrims' First Christmas section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of The Pilgrims' First Christmas to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Pilgrims' First Christmas

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Pilgrims' First Christmas, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Bleak
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pilgrims' First Christmas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
December
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pilgrims' First Christmas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mayflower
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pilgrims' First Christmas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Struggled
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pilgrims' First Christmas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.