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The Pillar of Fire
The Pillar of Fire

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Pillar of Fire is here in full — 325 sentences across 65 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/65 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PALACE OF THE PHARAOHS, MEMPHIS MY HONORED AND VERY DEAR MOTHER:
In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.
In Egypt, which is truly a warlike country, one cannot but be inspired by the military spirit.
Not only is she the school to all the world of astronomy, sculpture, physic, astrology, and magic, but also of arms.
In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Pillar of Fire

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Pillar of Fire is here in full — 325 sentences across 65 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/65 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PALACE OF THE PHARAOHS, MEMPHIS MY HONORED AND VERY DEAR MOTHER:
/ˈpæləs ʌv ðə ˈferoʊz ˈmemfəs maɪ ˈɑːnərd ənd ˈveri dɪr ˈmʌðər/
Line 2
In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.
Line 3
In Egypt, which is truly a warlike country, one cannot but be inspired by the military spirit.
Line 4
Not only is she the school to all the world of astronomy, sculpture, physic, astrology, and magic, but also of arms.
Line 5
In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.
/ɪn ðə ˈɑːrmi ˈriːsəntli dɪˈpɑːrtɪd fɔːr ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə aɪ sɔː ˈmeni jʌŋ lɔːrdz ənd ˈprɪnsəz ənd ˈhɪroʊz ˈstreɪndʒərz huː əˈkʌmpəni ðə ˌekspəˈdɪʃən tuː lɜːrn ðə ɑːrt ʌv wɔːr/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

astrology noun US /əˈstrɑːlədʒi/

a pseudoscience claiming divination by the positions of the planets and sun and moon

From this reading “Not only is she the school to all the world of astronomy, sculpture, physic, astrology, and magic, but also of arms.”

astronomy noun US /əˈstrɑːnəmi/

the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

From this reading “Not only is she the school to all the world of astronomy, sculpture, physic, astrology, and magic, but also of arms.”

Ethiopia noun US /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/

Ethiopia is a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; formerly called Abyssinia

From this reading “In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.”

invaded verb US /ˌɪnˈveɪdəd/

past form of “invade” — march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation

From this reading “In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.”

memphis noun US /ˈmemfəs/

largest city of Tennessee; located in southwestern Tennessee on bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River

From this reading “PALACE OF THE PHARAOHS, MEMPHIS MY HONORED AND VERY DEAR MOTHER:”

pharaohs noun US /ˈferoʊz/

plural of “pharaoh” — the title of the ancient Egyptian kings

From this reading “PALACE OF THE PHARAOHS, MEMPHIS MY HONORED AND VERY DEAR MOTHER:”

sculpture noun US /ˈskʌlptʃər/

a three-dimensional work of plastic art

From this reading “Not only is she the school to all the world of astronomy, sculpture, physic, astrology, and magic, but also of arms.”

warlike adjective US /ˈwɔːrlaɪk/

disposed to warfare or hard-line policies

From this reading “In Egypt, which is truly a warlike country, one cannot but be inspired by the military spirit.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

invaded by verb + particle counted as “invade by”

In this reading “In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.”

DEAR MOTHER adjective + noun

In this reading “PALACE OF THE PHARAOHS, MEMPHIS MY HONORED AND VERY DEAR MOTHER:”

last letter adjective + noun

In this reading “In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.”

young lords adjective + noun counted as “young lord”

In this reading “In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

accompanyverbUS /əˈkʌmpəni/

be present or associated with an event or entity

From this reading In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Not only is she the school to all the world of astronomy, sculpture, physic, astrology, and magic, but also of arms.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Not only is she the school to all the world of astronomy, sculpture, physic, astrology, and magic, but also of arms.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading PALACE OF THE PHARAOHS, MEMPHIS MY HONORED AND VERY DEAR MOTHER:

armiesnounUS /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading Not only is she the school to all the world of astronomy, sculpture, physic, astrology, and magic, but also of arms.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

astrologynounUS /əˈstrɑːlədʒi/

a pseudoscience claiming divination by the positions of the planets and sun and moon

From this reading Not only is she the school to all the world of astronomy, sculpture, physic, astrology, and magic, but also of arms.

astronomynounUS /əˈstrɑːnəmi/

the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

From this reading Not only is she the school to all the world of astronomy, sculpture, physic, astrology, and magic, but also of arms.

battle-charge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In Egypt, which is truly a warlike country, one cannot but be inspired by the military spirit.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In Egypt, which is truly a warlike country, one cannot but be inspired by the military spirit.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In Egypt, which is truly a warlike country, one cannot but be inspired by the military spirit.

chariotnounUS /ˈtʃeriət/

a light four-wheel horse-drawn ceremonial carriage

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading In Egypt, which is truly a warlike country, one cannot but be inspired by the military spirit.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading PALACE OF THE PHARAOHS, MEMPHIS MY HONORED AND VERY DEAR MOTHER:

departedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpɑːrtɪd/

well in the past; former

From this reading In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.

describingverbUS /dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ/

-ing form of “describe” — give a description of

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

disciplinenounUS /ˈdɪsəplən/

a branch of knowledge

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

EgyptnounUS /ˈiːdʒəpt/

a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

Elamites

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

EthiopianounUS /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/

Ethiopia is a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; formerly called Abyssinia

From this reading In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.

forgottenadjectiveUS /fərˈɡɑːt.n̩/

Not remembered; lapsed from memory.

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

heroesnounUS /ˈhɪroʊz/

plural of “hero” — a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.

HONOREDadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnərd/

having an illustrious reputation; respected

From this reading PALACE OF THE PHARAOHS, MEMPHIS MY HONORED AND VERY DEAR MOTHER:

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

inspiredadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈspaɪərd/

being of such surpassing excellence as to suggest inspiration by the gods

From this reading In Egypt, which is truly a warlike country, one cannot but be inspired by the military spirit.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

invadedverbUS /ˌɪnˈveɪdəd/

past form of “invade” — march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In Egypt, which is truly a warlike country, one cannot but be inspired by the military spirit.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

kingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

lordsnounUS /lɔːrdz/

plural of “lord” — terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.

magicnounUS /ˈmædʒɪk/

any art that invokes supernatural powers

From this reading Not only is she the school to all the world of astronomy, sculpture, physic, astrology, and magic, but also of arms.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.

MEMPHISnounUS /ˈmemfəs/

largest city of Tennessee; located in southwestern Tennessee on bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River

From this reading PALACE OF THE PHARAOHS, MEMPHIS MY HONORED AND VERY DEAR MOTHER:

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading In Egypt, which is truly a warlike country, one cannot but be inspired by the military spirit.

MOTHERnounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading PALACE OF THE PHARAOHS, MEMPHIS MY HONORED AND VERY DEAR MOTHER:

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading PALACE OF THE PHARAOHS, MEMPHIS MY HONORED AND VERY DEAR MOTHER:

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading PALACE OF THE PHARAOHS, MEMPHIS MY HONORED AND VERY DEAR MOTHER:

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In Egypt, which is truly a warlike country, one cannot but be inspired by the military spirit.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Not only is she the school to all the world of astronomy, sculpture, physic, astrology, and magic, but also of arms.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

PALACEnounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading PALACE OF THE PHARAOHS, MEMPHIS MY HONORED AND VERY DEAR MOTHER:

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

PHARAOHSnounUS /ˈferoʊz/

plural of “pharaoh” — the title of the ancient Egyptian kings

From this reading PALACE OF THE PHARAOHS, MEMPHIS MY HONORED AND VERY DEAR MOTHER:

physicnoun

a purging medicine; stimulates evacuation of the bowels

From this reading Not only is she the school to all the world of astronomy, sculpture, physic, astrology, and magic, but also of arms.

princesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəz/

plural of “prince” — a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.

recentlyadverbUS /ˈriːsəntli/

in the recent past

From this reading In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading Not only is she the school to all the world of astronomy, sculpture, physic, astrology, and magic, but also of arms.

sculpturenounUS /ˈskʌlptʃər/

a three-dimensional work of plastic art

From this reading Not only is she the school to all the world of astronomy, sculpture, physic, astrology, and magic, but also of arms.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Not only is she the school to all the world of astronomy, sculpture, physic, astrology, and magic, but also of arms.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading In Egypt, which is truly a warlike country, one cannot but be inspired by the military spirit.

strangersnounUS /ˈstreɪndʒərz/

plural of “stranger” — anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found

From this reading In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading PALACE OF THE PHARAOHS, MEMPHIS MY HONORED AND VERY DEAR MOTHER:

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

trulyadverbUS /ˈtruːli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading In Egypt, which is truly a warlike country, one cannot but be inspired by the military spirit.

VERYadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading PALACE OF THE PHARAOHS, MEMPHIS MY HONORED AND VERY DEAR MOTHER:

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.

warlikeadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːrlaɪk/

disposed to warfare or hard-line policies

From this reading In Egypt, which is truly a warlike country, one cannot but be inspired by the military spirit.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In Egypt, which is truly a warlike country, one cannot but be inspired by the military spirit.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Not only is she the school to all the world of astronomy, sculpture, physic, astrology, and magic, but also of arms.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading In the army, recently departed for Ethiopia, I saw many young lords and princes and heroes, strangers, who accompany the expedition to learn the art of war.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading In my last letter I was particular in describing to you the armies of Egypt, as I have not forgotten the interest you take in the discipline of your own, nor that once you led in your chariot a battle-charge when your kingdom was invaded by the king of the Elamites.

Chapter 8 of The Pillar of Fire by J. H. (Joseph Holt) Ingraham holds 325 sentences, grouped into 65 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Pillar of Fire contain?

Chapter 8 holds 325 sentences of The Pillar of Fire, unabridged, divided into 65 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Pillar of Fire by J. H. (Joseph Holt) Ingraham exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 325 sentences, grouped into 65 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Pillar of Fire?

Work through the 65 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 65 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Pillar of Fire

Common questions about reading The Pillar of Fire by J. H. (Joseph Holt) Ingraham on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Pillar of Fire?

Yes. All 6495 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50611 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Pillar of Fire is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50611, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Pillar of Fire take to read?

About 541 minutes of reading across 1299 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Pillar of Fire section by section

How to work through The Pillar of Fire section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of The Pillar of Fire to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Pillar of Fire

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Pillar of Fire, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Comprises
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pillar of Fire; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pillar of Fire; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pillar of Fire; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Three
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pillar of Fire; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.