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The Pioneers
The Pioneers

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Pioneers is here in full — 153 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
How now? whose mare's dead? what's the matter?”
--Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.
The leaders were of gray, and the pole-horses of a jet-black.
Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.
The first glance at this singular arrangement acquainted the Judge with the character of those in the sleigh.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Pioneers

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Pioneers is here in full — 153 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
How now? whose mare's dead? what's the matter?”
Line 2
--Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.
Line 3
The leaders were of gray, and the pole-horses of a jet-black.
Line 4
Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.
Line 5
The first glance at this singular arrangement acquainted the Judge with the character of those in the sleigh.
/ðə fɜːrst ɡlæns æt ðɪs ˈsɪŋɡjələr ərˈeɪndʒmənt əˈkweɪntɪd ðə dʒʌdʒ wɪð ðə ˈkerɪktər ʌv ðoʊz ɪn ðə sleɪ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ascent noun US /əˈsent/

an upward slope or grade (as in a road)

From this reading “Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.”

dashing adjective US /ˈdæʃɪŋ/

lively and spirited

From this reading “--Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.”

Falstaff noun US /ˈfɔːlstæf/

a dissolute character in Shakespeare's plays

From this reading “--Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.”

leafless adjective US /ˈliːfləs/

having no leaves

From this reading “--Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.”

lumber noun US /ˈlʌmbər/

the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material

From this reading “--Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.”

mare's noun US /merz/

possessive form of “mare” — female equine animal

From this reading ““How now? whose mare's dead? what's the matter?””

sleigh noun US /sleɪ/

a vehicle mounted on runners and pulled by horses or dogs; for transportation over snow

From this reading “--Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.”

tinkling adjective US /ˈtɪŋkəlɪŋ/

like the short high ringing sound of a small bell

From this reading “Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading --Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.

acquaintedadjectiveUS /əˈkweɪntɪd/

having fair knowledge of

From this reading The first glance at this singular arrangement acquainted the Judge with the character of those in the sleigh.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The leaders were of gray, and the pole-horses of a jet-black.

announcedadjectiveUS /əˈnaʊnst/

declared publicly; made widely known

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

arrangementnounUS /ərˈeɪndʒmənt/

the thing arranged or agreed to

From this reading The first glance at this singular arrangement acquainted the Judge with the character of those in the sleigh.

ascentnounUS /əˈsent/

an upward slope or grade (as in a road)

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The first glance at this singular arrangement acquainted the Judge with the character of those in the sleigh.

ballsnounUS /bɔːlz/

plural of “ball” — round object that is hit or thrown or kicked in games

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

BellsnounUS /belz/

plural of “bell” — a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

bushesnounUS /ˈbʊʃəz/

plural of “bush” — a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems

From this reading --Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading --Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading The first glance at this singular arrangement acquainted the Judge with the character of those in the sleigh.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

dashingadjectiveUS /ˈdæʃɪŋ/

lively and spirited

From this reading --Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading “How now? whose mare's dead? what's the matter?”

defiancenounUS /dɪˈfaɪəns/

intentionally contemptuous behavior or attitude

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading --Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.

drivernounUS /ˈdraɪvər/

the operator of a motor vehicle

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

equipagenoun

equipment and supplies of a military force

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

FalstaffnounUS /ˈfɔːlstæf/

a dissolute character in Shakespeare's plays

From this reading --Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first glance at this singular arrangement acquainted the Judge with the character of those in the sleigh.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading --Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.

fringedadjective

surrounded as with a border or fringe; sometimes used in combination

From this reading --Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

glanceverbUS /ɡlæns/

throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading The first glance at this singular arrangement acquainted the Judge with the character of those in the sleigh.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading The leaders were of gray, and the pole-horses of a jet-black.

harnessverbUS /ˈhɑːrnəs/

put a harness

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading --Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “How now? whose mare's dead? what's the matter?”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

innumerableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnuːmərəbəl/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

jet-blackadjective

of the blackest black; similar to the color of jet or coal

From this reading The leaders were of gray, and the pole-horses of a jet-black.

JudgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading The first glance at this singular arrangement acquainted the Judge with the character of those in the sleigh.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading --Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.

leadersnounUS /ˈliːdərz/

the body of people who lead a group

From this reading The leaders were of gray, and the pole-horses of a jet-black.

leaflessadjectiveUS /ˈliːfləs/

having no leaves

From this reading --Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.

lumbernounUS /ˈlʌmbər/

the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material

From this reading --Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.

mare'snounUS /merz/

possessive form of “mare” — female equine animal

From this reading “How now? whose mare's dead? what's the matter?”

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading “How now? whose mare's dead? what's the matter?”

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading “How now? whose mare's dead? what's the matter?”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The leaders were of gray, and the pole-horses of a jet-black.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

pole-horses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The leaders were of gray, and the pole-horses of a jet-black.

rapidadjectiveUS /ˈræpəd/

done or occurring in a brief period of time

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

ringverbUS /rɪŋ/

sound loudly and sonorously

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading --Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading --Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.

singularadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡjələr/

unusual or striking

From this reading The first glance at this singular arrangement acquainted the Judge with the character of those in the sleigh.

sleighnounUS /sleɪ/

a vehicle mounted on runners and pulled by horses or dogs; for transportation over snow

From this reading --Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading --Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.

steepadjectiveUS /stiːp/

having a sharp inclination

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

suspendedadjectiveUS /səˈspendɪd/

(of undissolved particles in a fluid) supported or kept from sinking or falling by buoyancy and without apparent attachment

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “How now? whose mare's dead? what's the matter?”

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The first glance at this singular arrangement acquainted the Judge with the character of those in the sleigh.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The first glance at this singular arrangement acquainted the Judge with the character of those in the sleigh.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading --Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.

tinklingadjectiveUS /ˈtɪŋkəlɪŋ/

like the short high ringing sound of a small bell

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

utmostadjectiveUS /ˈʌtmoʊst/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading --Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The leaders were of gray, and the pole-horses of a jet-black.

what's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “How now? whose mare's dead? what's the matter?”

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading --Falstaff A large lumber sleigh, drawn by four horses, was soon seen dashing through the leafless bushes which fringed the road.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Bells innumerable were suspended from every part of the harness where one of the tinkling balls could be placed, while the rapid movement of the equipage, in defiance of the steep ascent, announced the desire of the driver to ring them to the utmost.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading “How now? whose mare's dead? what's the matter?”

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The first glance at this singular arrangement acquainted the Judge with the character of those in the sleigh.

Chapter 4 of The Pioneers by James Fenimore Cooper holds 153 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Pioneers contain?

Chapter 4 holds 153 sentences of The Pioneers, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Pioneers by James Fenimore Cooper exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 153 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Pioneers?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Pioneers

Common questions about reading The Pioneers by James Fenimore Cooper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Pioneers?

Yes. All 6089 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2275 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Pioneers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2275, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Pioneers take to read?

About 507 minutes of reading across 1218 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Pioneers section by section

How to work through The Pioneers section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Pioneers to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Pioneers

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Pioneers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Winter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pioneers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Comes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pioneers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Varied
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pioneers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pioneers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.