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The Pioneers
The Pioneers

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of The Pioneers is here in full — 121 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
And calling sinful man to pray, Loud, long, and deep the bell had tolled.”
--Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.
The moon had risen, and its orb was shedding a flood of light over the dark outline of pines which crowned the eastern mountain.
In many climates the sky would have been thought clear and lucid for a noontide.
The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Pioneers

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of The Pioneers is here in full — 121 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
And calling sinful man to pray, Loud, long, and deep the bell had tolled.”
/ənd ˈkɔːlɪŋ ˈsɪnfəl mæn tuː preɪ laʊd lɔːŋ ənd diːp ðə bel hæd toʊld/
Line 2
--Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.
Line 3
The moon had risen, and its orb was shedding a flood of light over the dark outline of pines which crowned the eastern mountain.
/ðə muːn hæd ˈrɪzən ənd ɪts ɔːrb wɑːz ˈʃedɪŋ ə flʌd ʌv laɪt ˈoʊvər ðə dɑːrk ˈaʊtlaɪn ʌv paɪnz wɪtʃ kraʊnd ðə ˈiːstərn ˈmaʊntən/
Line 4
In many climates the sky would have been thought clear and lucid for a noontide.
Line 5
The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Burgher noun US /ˈbɜːrɡər/

a citizen of an English borough

From this reading “--Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.”

circuitous adjective US /sərˈkjuːɪtəs/

marked by obliqueness or indirection in speech or conduct

From this reading “--Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.”

climates noun US /ˈklaɪməts/

plural of “climate” — the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading “In many climates the sky would have been thought clear and lucid for a noontide.”

lucid adjective US /ˈluːsəd/

(of language) transparently clear; easily understandable

From this reading “In many climates the sky would have been thought clear and lucid for a noontide.”

orb noun US /ɔːrb/

the ball-shaped capsule containing the vertebrate eye

From this reading “The moon had risen, and its orb was shedding a flood of light over the dark outline of pines which crowned the eastern mountain.”

Scotts noun US /skɑːts/

plural of “scott” — award-winning United States film actor (1928-1999)

From this reading “--Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.”

surfaces noun US /ˈsɜːrfəsəz/

plural of “surface” — the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading “The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.”

tolled verb US /toʊld/

past form of “toll” — ring slowly

From this reading ““And calling sinful man to pray, Loud, long, and deep the bell had tolled.””

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

academynounUS /əˈkæd.ə.mi/

A place of study or training in a special field of knowledge and arts.

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “And calling sinful man to pray, Loud, long, and deep the bell had tolled.”

atmospherenounUS /ˈætməsfɪr/

a particular environment or surrounding influence

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

attendedadjectiveUS /əˈtendɪd/

playing or singing with instrumental or vocal accompaniment

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In many climates the sky would have been thought clear and lucid for a noontide.

bellnounUS /bel/

a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck

From this reading “And calling sinful man to pray, Loud, long, and deep the bell had tolled.”

BenjaminnounUS /ˈbendʒəmən/

gum resin used especially in treating skin irritation

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

bodiesnounUS /ˈbɑːdiz/

plural of “body” — the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

brightenedverbUS /ˈbraɪtənd/

past form of “brighten” — make more cheerful through the use of color

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

BurghernounUS /ˈbɜːrɡər/

a citizen of an English borough

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

callingnounUS /ˈkɔːlɪŋ/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading “And calling sinful man to pray, Loud, long, and deep the bell had tolled.”

circuitousadjectiveUS /sərˈkjuːɪtəs/

marked by obliqueness or indirection in speech or conduct

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading In many climates the sky would have been thought clear and lucid for a noontide.

climatesnounUS /ˈklaɪməts/

plural of “climate” — the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading In many climates the sky would have been thought clear and lucid for a noontide.

colornounUS /ˈkʌlər/

a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

crownedadjectiveUS /kraʊnd/

having an (artificial) crown on a tooth

From this reading The moon had risen, and its orb was shedding a flood of light over the dark outline of pines which crowned the eastern mountain.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading The moon had risen, and its orb was shedding a flood of light over the dark outline of pines which crowned the eastern mountain.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading “And calling sinful man to pray, Loud, long, and deep the bell had tolled.”

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

divineadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪn/

emanating from God

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

easternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading The moon had risen, and its orb was shedding a flood of light over the dark outline of pines which crowned the eastern mountain.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

floodnounUS /flʌd/

the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading The moon had risen, and its orb was shedding a flood of light over the dark outline of pines which crowned the eastern mountain.

foot-path

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In many climates the sky would have been thought clear and lucid for a noontide.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

glimmerings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading “And calling sinful man to pray, Loud, long, and deep the bell had tolled.”

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In many climates the sky would have been thought clear and lucid for a noontide.

heavensnounUS /ˈhevənz/

the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

immenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmens/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In many climates the sky would have been thought clear and lucid for a noontide.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The moon had risen, and its orb was shedding a flood of light over the dark outline of pines which crowned the eastern mountain.

judgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

lakenounUS /leɪk/

a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

LenounUS /lə/

a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The moon had risen, and its orb was shedding a flood of light over the dark outline of pines which crowned the eastern mountain.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading “And calling sinful man to pray, Loud, long, and deep the bell had tolled.”

LoudadjectiveUS /laʊd/

characterized by or producing sound of great volume or intensity

From this reading “And calling sinful man to pray, Loud, long, and deep the bell had tolled.”

lucidadjectiveUS /ˈluːsəd/

(of language) transparently clear; easily understandable

From this reading In many climates the sky would have been thought clear and lucid for a noontide.

MajoradjectiveUS /ˈmeɪdʒər/

of greater importance or stature or rank

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading “And calling sinful man to pray, Loud, long, and deep the bell had tolled.”

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading In many climates the sky would have been thought clear and lucid for a noontide.

MonsieurnounUS /məˈsjɜːr/

used as a French courtesy title; equivalent to English “Mr”

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

moonnounUS /muːn/

the natural satellite of the Earth

From this reading The moon had risen, and its orb was shedding a flood of light over the dark outline of pines which crowned the eastern mountain.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading The moon had risen, and its orb was shedding a flood of light over the dark outline of pines which crowned the eastern mountain.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

noontidenoun

the middle of the day

From this reading In many climates the sky would have been thought clear and lucid for a noontide.

obscuredverbUS /əbsˈkjʊrd/

past form of “obscure” — make less visible or unclear

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

orbnounUS /ɔːrb/

the ball-shaped capsule containing the vertebrate eye

From this reading The moon had risen, and its orb was shedding a flood of light over the dark outline of pines which crowned the eastern mountain.

outlinenounUS /ˈaʊtlaɪn/

the line that appears to bound an object

From this reading The moon had risen, and its orb was shedding a flood of light over the dark outline of pines which crowned the eastern mountain.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The moon had risen, and its orb was shedding a flood of light over the dark outline of pines which crowned the eastern mountain.

overwhelmingadjectiveUS /ˌoʊvərˈwelmɪŋ/

so strong as to be irresistible

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

pinesnounUS /paɪnz/

plural of “pine” — a coniferous tree

From this reading The moon had risen, and its orb was shedding a flood of light over the dark outline of pines which crowned the eastern mountain.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

prayverbUS /preɪ/

address a deity, a prophet, a saint or an object of worship; say a prayer

From this reading “And calling sinful man to pray, Loud, long, and deep the bell had tolled.”

proceededverbUS /prəˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “proceed” — continue talking

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

Quoi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

radiancenounUS /ˈreɪdiːəns/

the amount of electromagnetic radiation leaving or arriving at a point on a surface

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

raysnounUS /reɪz/

plural of “ray” — a column of light (as from a beacon)

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

reflectingadjectiveUS /rɪˈflektɪŋ/

causing reflection or having a device that reflects

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

risenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪzən/

(of e.g. celestial bodies) above the horizon

From this reading The moon had risen, and its orb was shedding a flood of light over the dark outline of pines which crowned the eastern mountain.

routenounUS /ruːt/

an established line of travel or access

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

ScottsnounUS /skɑːts/

plural of “scott” — award-winning United States film actor (1928-1999)

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

sheddingnounUS /ˈʃedɪŋ/

the process whereby something is shed

From this reading The moon had risen, and its orb was shedding a flood of light over the dark outline of pines which crowned the eastern mountain.

sinfuladjectiveUS /ˈsɪnfəl/

characterized by iniquity; wicked because it is believed to be a sin

From this reading “And calling sinful man to pray, Loud, long, and deep the bell had tolled.”

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading In many climates the sky would have been thought clear and lucid for a noontide.

smoothadjectiveUS /smuːð/

having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

spotlessadjectiveUS /ˈspɑːtləs/

completely neat and clean

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

starsnounUS /stɑːrz/

plural of “star” — (astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

strikingadjectiveUS /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/

sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

surfacesnounUS /ˈsɜːrfəsəz/

plural of “surface” — the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “And calling sinful man to pray, Loud, long, and deep the bell had tolled.”

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading In many climates the sky would have been thought clear and lucid for a noontide.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “And calling sinful man to pray, Loud, long, and deep the bell had tolled.”

tolledverbUS /toʊld/

past form of “toll” — ring slowly

From this reading “And calling sinful man to pray, Loud, long, and deep the bell had tolled.”

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

twinkledverbUS /ˈtwɪŋkəld/

past form of “twinkle” — gleam or glow intermittently

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

upwardadjectiveUS /ˈʌpwərd/

directed up

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The moon had risen, and its orb was shedding a flood of light over the dark outline of pines which crowned the eastern mountain.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The moon had risen, and its orb was shedding a flood of light over the dark outline of pines which crowned the eastern mountain.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading --Scotts Burgher While Richard and Monsieur Le Quoi, attended by Benjamin, proceeded to the academy by a foot-path through the snow, the judge, his daughter, the divine, and the Major took a more circuitous route to the same place by the streets of the village.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading The stars twinkled in the heavens, like the last glimmerings of distant fire, so much were they obscured by the overwhelming radiance of the atmosphere; the rays from the moon striking upon the smooth, white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upward a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the earth.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading In many climates the sky would have been thought clear and lucid for a noontide.

Chapter 10 of The Pioneers by James Fenimore Cooper holds 121 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of The Pioneers contain?

Chapter 10 holds 121 sentences of The Pioneers, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of The Pioneers by James Fenimore Cooper exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 121 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of The Pioneers?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Pioneers

Common questions about reading The Pioneers by James Fenimore Cooper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Pioneers?

Yes. All 6089 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2275 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Pioneers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2275, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Pioneers take to read?

About 507 minutes of reading across 1218 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Pioneers section by section

How to work through The Pioneers section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Pioneers to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Pioneers

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Pioneers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Winter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pioneers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Comes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pioneers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Varied
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pioneers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Pioneers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.