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The pit
The pit

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The pit is here in full — 415 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The pit
Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.
CURTIS JADWIN, capitalist and speculator.
SHELDON CORTHELL, an artist.
LANDRY COURT, broker's clerk.
SAMUEL GRETRY, a broker.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The pit

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The pit is here in full — 415 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.
Line 2
CURTIS JADWIN, capitalist and speculator.
Line 3
SHELDON CORTHELL, an artist.
Line 4
LANDRY COURT, broker's clerk.
Line 5
SAMUEL GRETRY, a broker.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

broker noun US /ˈbroʊkər/

a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission

From this reading “LANDRY COURT, broker's clerk.”

broker's noun US /ˈbroʊkərz/

possessive form of “broker” — a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission

From this reading “LANDRY COURT, broker's clerk.”

capitalist noun US /ˈkæpətəlɪst/

a conservative advocate of capitalism

From this reading “CURTIS JADWIN, capitalist and speculator.”

epic adjective US /ˈepɪk/

very imposing or impressive; surpassing the ordinary (especially in size or scale)

From this reading “In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.”

lamentable adjective US /ləˈmentəbəl/

bad; unfortunate

From this reading “In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.”

pewter noun US /ˈpjuːtər/

any of various alloys of tin with small amounts of other metals (especially lead)

From this reading “In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.”

platoons noun US /pləˈtuːnz/

plural of “platoon” — a military unit that is a subdivision of a company; usually has a headquarters and two or more squads; usually commanded by a lieutenant

From this reading “In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.”

speculator noun US /ˈspekjəleɪtər/

someone who makes conjectures without knowing the facts

From this reading “CURTIS JADWIN, capitalist and speculator.”

All words in this reading · 47

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading SHELDON CORTHELL, an artist.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

artistnounUS /ˈɑːrtəst/

a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

From this reading SHELDON CORTHELL, an artist.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

brokernounUS /ˈbroʊkər/

a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission

From this reading SAMUEL GRETRY, a broker.

broker'snounUS /ˈbroʊkərz/

possessive form of “broker” — a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission

From this reading LANDRY COURT, broker's clerk.

capitalistnounUS /ˈkæpətəlɪst/

a conservative advocate of capitalism

From this reading CURTIS JADWIN, capitalist and speculator.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

clerknounUS /klɜːrk/

an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading LANDRY COURT, broker's clerk.

CORTHELL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SHELDON CORTHELL, an artist.

COURTnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading LANDRY COURT, broker's clerk.

CURTISnounUS /ˈkɜːrtəs/

English botanical writer and publisher (1746-1799)

From this reading CURTIS JADWIN, capitalist and speculator.

dining-roomnoun

a room used for dining

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

epicadjectiveUS /ˈepɪk/

very imposing or impressive; surpassing the ordinary (especially in size or scale)

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

FoxnounUS /fɑːks/

alert carnivorous mammal with pointed muzzle and ears and a bushy tail; most are predators that do not hunt in packs

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

Gaston

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

GRETRY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SAMUEL GRETRY, a broker.

heroesnounUS /ˈhɪroʊz/

plural of “hero” — a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

inventedverbUS /ˌɪnˈventəd/

past form of “invent” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

JADWIN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CURTIS JADWIN, capitalist and speculator.

lamentableadjectiveUS /ləˈmentəbəl/

bad; unfortunate

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

LANDRY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LANDRY COURT, broker's clerk.

LenounUS /lə/

a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

maintainedadjectiveUS /meɪnˈteɪnd/

kept in good condition

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

marvellousadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːrvələs/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

pewternounUS /ˈpjuːtər/

any of various alloys of tin with small amounts of other metals (especially lead)

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

platoonsnounUS /pləˈtuːnz/

plural of “platoon” — a military unit that is a subdivision of a company; usually has a headquarters and two or more squads; usually commanded by a lieutenant

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

romance-cycle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

SAMUELnounUS /ˈsæmjuːl/

(Old Testament) Hebrew prophet and judge who anointed Saul as king

From this reading SAMUEL GRETRY, a broker.

SHELDON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SHELDON CORTHELL, an artist.

speculatornounUS /ˈspekjəleɪtər/

someone who makes conjectures without knowing the facts

From this reading CURTIS JADWIN, capitalist and speculator.

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

talesnounUS /teɪlz/

plural of “tale” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In memory of certain lamentable tales of the round (dining-room) table heroes; of the epic of the pewter platoons, and the romance-cycle of "Gaston Le Fox," which we invented, maintained, and found marvellous at a time when we both were boys.

Chapter 1 of The pit by Frank Norris holds 415 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The pit contain?

Chapter 1 holds 415 sentences of The pit, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The pit by Frank Norris exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 415 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The pit?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The pit

Common questions about reading The pit by Frank Norris on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The pit?

Yes. All 8642 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4382 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The pit is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4382, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The pit take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1729 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The pit section by section

How to work through The pit section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of The pit to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The pit

Words and structures a reader meets early in The pit, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Memory
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The pit; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The pit; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lamentable
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The pit; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tales
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The pit; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.