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The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare
The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare is here in full — 342 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare
Context Illustration Reading 1/68 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
(6) _Cordelia._ Crown'd with rank Fumiter and Furrow-weeds, With Burdocks, Hemlock, Nettles, Cuckoo-flowers.
_King Lear_, act iv, sc.
4 (3).
The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.
This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare is here in full — 342 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/68 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
(6) _Cordelia._ Crown'd with rank Fumiter and Furrow-weeds, With Burdocks, Hemlock, Nettles, Cuckoo-flowers.
Line 2
_King Lear_, act iv, sc.
Line 3
4 (3).
Line 4
The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.
Line 5
This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amor noun US /ˈæmər/

(Roman mythology) god of love; counterpart of Greek Eros

arises verb US /ərˈaɪzəz/

third-person singular of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading “This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.”

attach verb US /əˈtætʃ/

cause to be attached

From this reading “This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.”

Hemlock noun US /ˈhemlɑːk/

poisonous drug derived from an Eurasian plant of the genus Conium

From this reading “(6) _Cordelia._ Crown'd with rank Fumiter and Furrow-weeds, With Burdocks, Hemlock, Nettles, Cuckoo-flowers.”

hooked adjective US /hʊkt/

curved down like an eagle's beak

From this reading “This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.”

Lear noun US /lɪr/

British artist and writer of nonsense verse (1812-1888)

Nettles noun US /ˈnetəlz/

plural of “nettle” — any of numerous plants having stinging hairs that cause skin irritation on contact (especially of the genus Urtica or family Urticaceae)

From this reading “(6) _Cordelia._ Crown'd with rank Fumiter and Furrow-weeds, With Burdocks, Hemlock, Nettles, Cuckoo-flowers.”

unopened adjective US /əˈnoʊpənd/

not yet opened or unsealed

From this reading “The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

act iv verb + noun

In this reading “_King Lear_, act iv, sc.”

arises from verb + particle counted as “arise from”

In this reading “This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 4 (3).

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 4 (3).

6

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (6) _Cordelia._ Crown'd with rank Fumiter and Furrow-weeds, With Burdocks, Hemlock, Nettles, Cuckoo-flowers.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading _King Lear_, act iv, sc.

amornounUS /ˈæmər/

(Roman mythology) god of love; counterpart of Greek Eros

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading (6) _Cordelia._ Crown'd with rank Fumiter and Furrow-weeds, With Burdocks, Hemlock, Nettles, Cuckoo-flowers.

Arctiumnoun

burdock

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

arisesverbUS /ərˈaɪzəz/

third-person singular of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

attachverbUS /əˈtætʃ/

cause to be attached

From this reading This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.

bracts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.

Burdocknoun

any of several erect biennial herbs of temperate Eurasia having stout taproots and producing burs

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

Burdocks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (6) _Cordelia._ Crown'd with rank Fumiter and Furrow-weeds, With Burdocks, Hemlock, Nettles, Cuckoo-flowers.

Burs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

clingingverbUS /ˈklɪŋɪŋ/

-ing form of “cling” — come or be in close contact with; stick or hold together and resist separation

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

Cordelia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (6) _Cordelia._ Crown'd with rank Fumiter and Furrow-weeds, With Burdocks, Hemlock, Nettles, Cuckoo-flowers.

Crown'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (6) _Cordelia._ Crown'd with rank Fumiter and Furrow-weeds, With Burdocks, Hemlock, Nettles, Cuckoo-flowers.

Cuckoo-flowers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (6) _Cordelia._ Crown'd with rank Fumiter and Furrow-weeds, With Burdocks, Hemlock, Nettles, Cuckoo-flowers.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.

expressiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspresɪv/

characterized by expression

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

flowersnounUS /ˈflaʊərz/

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

folia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.

Fumiter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (6) _Cordelia._ Crown'd with rank Fumiter and Furrow-weeds, With Burdocks, Hemlock, Nettles, Cuckoo-flowers.

Furrow-weeds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (6) _Cordelia._ Crown'd with rank Fumiter and Furrow-weeds, With Burdocks, Hemlock, Nettles, Cuckoo-flowers.

HemlocknounUS /ˈhemlɑːk/

poisonous drug derived from an Eurasian plant of the genus Conium

From this reading (6) _Cordelia._ Crown'd with rank Fumiter and Furrow-weeds, With Burdocks, Hemlock, Nettles, Cuckoo-flowers.

hookedadjectiveUS /hʊkt/

curved down like an eagle's beak

From this reading This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.

involucrum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.

ivnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading _King Lear_, act iv, sc.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading _King Lear_, act iv, sc.

lappa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

LearnounUS /lɪr/

British artist and writer of nonsense verse (1812-1888)

From this reading _King Lear_, act iv, sc.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

NettlesnounUS /ˈnetəlz/

plural of “nettle” — any of numerous plants having stinging hairs that cause skin irritation on contact (especially of the genus Urtica or family Urticaceae)

From this reading (6) _Cordelia._ Crown'd with rank Fumiter and Furrow-weeds, With Burdocks, Hemlock, Nettles, Cuckoo-flowers.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.

obtainedverbUS /əbˈteɪnd/

past form of “obtain” — come into possession of

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.

philantropium

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

qualitynounUS /ˈkwɑːləti/

an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

ranknounUS /ræŋk/

a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading (6) _Cordelia._ Crown'd with rank Fumiter and Furrow-weeds, With Burdocks, Hemlock, Nettles, Cuckoo-flowers.

scnoun

a white trivalent metallic element; sometimes classified in the rare earth group; occurs in the Scandinavian mineral thortveitite

From this reading _King Lear_, act iv, sc.

stiffadjectiveUS /stɪf/

not moving or operating freely

From this reading This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.

tipsnounUS /tɪps/

plural of “tip” — the extreme end of something; especially something pointed

From this reading This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.

unopenedadjectiveUS /əˈnoʊpənd/

not yet opened or unsealed

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The Burs are the unopened flowers of the Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), and their clinging quality very early obtained for them expressive names, such as _amor folia_, love leaves, and philantropium.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This clinging quality arises from the bracts of the involucrum being long and stiff, and with hooked tips which attach themselves to every passing object.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading (6) _Cordelia._ Crown'd with rank Fumiter and Furrow-weeds, With Burdocks, Hemlock, Nettles, Cuckoo-flowers.

Chapter 4 of The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare by Henry Nicholson Ellacombe holds 342 sentences, grouped into 69 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare contain?

Chapter 4 holds 342 sentences of The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare, unabridged, divided into 69 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare by Henry Nicholson Ellacombe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 342 sentences, grouped into 69 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare?

Work through the 69 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 69 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare

Common questions about reading The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare by Henry Nicholson Ellacombe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare?

Yes. All 9187 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #28407 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #28407, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1838 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare section by section

How to work through The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Plant-lore
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Garden-craft
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shakespeare
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Better
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Plant-Lore & Garden-Craft of Shakespeare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.