Chapter IV · Chapter 4

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The stained-glass windows had been made by a famous New York firm; the altar had been designed by an even more famous sculptor.

provided with something intended to increase its beauty or distinction

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

the table in Christian churches where communion is given

From this reading The stained-glass windows had been made by a famous New York firm; the altar had been designed by an even more famous sculptor.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Capwell Chapel--it bore the pork merchant's name as an eternal memorial to him--was as impressive inside as out.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The seniors and juniors sat in the nave, the sophomores on the right side of the transept, the freshmen on the left.

a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Capwell Chapel--it bore the pork merchant's name as an eternal memorial to him--was as impressive inside as out.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

an overwhelming feeling of wonder or admiration

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The stained-glass windows had been made by a famous New York firm; the altar had been designed by an even more famous sculptor.

in a benevolent manner

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

cause to be bored

From this reading Capwell Chapel--it bore the pork merchant's name as an eternal memorial to him--was as impressive inside as out.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The stained-glass windows had been made by a famous New York firm; the altar had been designed by an even more famous sculptor.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Capwell Chapel--it bore the pork merchant's name as an eternal memorial to him--was as impressive inside as out.

made for or formed by carving (“carven” is archaic or literary)

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

the overhead upper surface of a covered space

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

a place of worship that has its own altar

From this reading Capwell Chapel--it bore the pork merchant's name as an eternal memorial to him--was as impressive inside as out.

a chorus that sings as part of a religious ceremony

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

having color or a certain color; sometimes used in combination

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

in a self-satisfied manner

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

done or made or performed with purpose and intent

From this reading The stained-glass windows had been made by a famous New York firm; the altar had been designed by an even more famous sculptor.

lacking in light; not bright or harsh

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading Capwell Chapel--it bore the pork merchant's name as an eternal memorial to him--was as impressive inside as out.

divisible by two

From this reading The stained-glass windows had been made by a famous New York firm; the altar had been designed by an even more famous sculptor.

to certain extent or degree

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

widely known and esteemed

From this reading The stained-glass windows had been made by a famous New York firm; the altar had been designed by an even more famous sculptor.

marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable

From this reading The stained-glass windows had been made by a famous New York firm; the altar had been designed by an even more famous sculptor.

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

plural of “freshman” — a first-year undergraduate

From this reading The seniors and juniors sat in the nave, the sophomores on the right side of the transept, the freshmen on the left.

of great mass; huge and bulky

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

past form of “gaze” — look at with fixed eyes

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

a man of refinement

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

wearing a gown

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The stained-glass windows had been made by a famous New York firm; the altar had been designed by an even more famous sculptor.

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Capwell Chapel--it bore the pork merchant's name as an eternal memorial to him--was as impressive inside as out.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

making a strong or vivid impression

From this reading Capwell Chapel--it bore the pork merchant's name as an eternal memorial to him--was as impressive inside as out.

in an improper way

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The seniors and juniors sat in the nave, the sophomores on the right side of the transept, the freshmen on the left.

relating to or being on the side closer to the center or within a defined space

From this reading Capwell Chapel--it bore the pork merchant's name as an eternal memorial to him--was as impressive inside as out.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Capwell Chapel--it bore the pork merchant's name as an eternal memorial to him--was as impressive inside as out.

plural of “junior” — term of address for a disrespectful and annoying male

From this reading The seniors and juniors sat in the nave, the sophomores on the right side of the transept, the freshmen on the left.

having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

superlative of “large” — above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The seniors and juniors sat in the nave, the sophomores on the right side of the transept, the freshmen on the left.

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The stained-glass windows had been made by a famous New York firm; the altar had been designed by an even more famous sculptor.

a recognition of meritorious service

From this reading Capwell Chapel--it bore the pork merchant's name as an eternal memorial to him--was as impressive inside as out.

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

possessive form of “merchant” — a businessperson engaged in retail trade

From this reading Capwell Chapel--it bore the pork merchant's name as an eternal memorial to him--was as impressive inside as out.

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The stained-glass windows had been made by a famous New York firm; the altar had been designed by an even more famous sculptor.

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Capwell Chapel--it bore the pork merchant's name as an eternal memorial to him--was as impressive inside as out.

the central area of a church

From this reading The seniors and juniors sat in the nave, the sophomores on the right side of the transept, the freshmen on the left.

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The stained-glass windows had been made by a famous New York firm; the altar had been designed by an even more famous sculptor.

a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The seniors and juniors sat in the nave, the sophomores on the right side of the transept, the freshmen on the left.

in an ornate manner

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Capwell Chapel--it bore the pork merchant's name as an eternal memorial to him--was as impressive inside as out.

coated with paint

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

plural of “painting” — graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

relating to or suggesting swine

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

meat from a domestic hog or pig

From this reading Capwell Chapel--it bore the pork merchant's name as an eternal memorial to him--was as impressive inside as out.

plural of “president” — an executive officer of a firm or corporation

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

with low volume

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

plural of “recess” — a state of abeyance or suspended business

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

precisely, exactly

From this reading The seniors and juniors sat in the nave, the sophomores on the right side of the transept, the freshmen on the left.

inclined to a healthy reddish color often associated with outdoor life

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading The seniors and juniors sat in the nave, the sophomores on the right side of the transept, the freshmen on the left.

an artist who creates sculptures

From this reading The stained-glass windows had been made by a famous New York firm; the altar had been designed by an even more famous sculptor.

an area that includes places where several people can sit

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

plural of “senior” — an undergraduate student during the year preceding graduation

From this reading The seniors and juniors sat in the nave, the sophomores on the right side of the transept, the freshmen on the left.

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The seniors and juniors sat in the nave, the sophomores on the right side of the transept, the freshmen on the left.

marked by excessive complacency or self-satisfaction

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

plural of “sophomore” — a second-year undergraduate

From this reading The seniors and juniors sat in the nave, the sophomores on the right side of the transept, the freshmen on the left.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The stained-glass windows had been made by a famous New York firm; the altar had been designed by an even more famous sculptor.

exuding a bodily fluid in profuse amounts

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

plural of “student” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Capwell Chapel--it bore the pork merchant's name as an eternal memorial to him--was as impressive inside as out.

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Capwell Chapel--it bore the pork merchant's name as an eternal memorial to him--was as impressive inside as out.

structure forming the transverse part of a cruciform church; crosses the nave at right angles

From this reading The seniors and juniors sat in the nave, the sophomores on the right side of the transept, the freshmen on the left.

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

directed up

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

having a hemispherical vault or dome

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Capwell Chapel--it bore the pork merchant's name as an eternal memorial to him--was as impressive inside as out.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

in or at the place that

From this reading Hugh gazed upward in awe at the dim recesses of the vaulted ceiling, at the ornately carved choir where gowned students were quietly seating themselves, at the colored light streaming through the beautiful windows, at the picture of the pork merchant.

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading The stained-glass windows had been made by a famous New York firm; the altar had been designed by an even more famous sculptor.

in the company of; together with

From this reading The walls, quite improperly, were adorned with paintings of former presidents, but the largest painting of all--it was fairly Gargantuan--was of the pork merchant, a large, ruddy gentleman, whom the artist, a keen observer, had painted truly--complacently porcine, benevolently smug.

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading The stained-glass windows had been made by a famous New York firm; the altar had been designed by an even more famous sculptor.