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The Plastic Age
The Plastic Age

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of The Plastic Age is here in full — 227 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/45 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.
There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.
Half the students at Sanford regularly made out "All American" teams, and each man was more than willing to debate the quality of his team against that of any other.
Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.
Raleigh was Sanford's ancient rival; to defeat her was of cosmic importance.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Plastic Age

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of The Plastic Age is here in full — 227 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.
/ðə ˈfʊtbɔːl ˈsiːzən ˈlæstəd frʌm ðə fɜːrst ʌv ɑːkˈtoʊbər tuː ðə ˈlætər pɑːrt ʌv noʊˈvembər ənd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðoʊz wiːks ˈlɪtəl wɑːz tɔːkt əˈbaʊt ɔːr ˈiːvɪn θɔːt əˈbaʊt ɑːn ðə ˈkæmpəs bʌt ˈfʊtbɔːl/
Line 2
There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.
/ðer wɜːr ˌʌndərˈɡrædʒəwəts huː nuː ðə ˌpɜːrsəˈnel ʌv ˈvɜːrtʃuːəli ˈevəri ˈfʊtbɔːl tiːm ɪn ðə ˈkʌntri ðə tiːmz ðæt hæd pleɪd əˈɡenst iːtʃ ˈʌðər ðer ˈrelətɪv ˈmerəts ðə ˈveriəs skɔːrz ðə ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ ˈpleɪərz ʌv iːtʃ pəˈzɪʃən/
Line 3
Half the students at Sanford regularly made out "All American" teams, and each man was more than willing to debate the quality of his team against that of any other.
Line 4
Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.
/naɪt ˈæftər naɪt ðə ˈstuːdənts ˈɡæðərd ɪn ɡruːps ɪn ˈdɔːrmətɔːri ruːmz ənd frəˈtɜːrnəti ˈhaʊsəz dɪˈskʌsɪŋ ˈfʊtbɔːl ˈfʊtbɔːl ˈfʊtbɔːl ˈiːvɪn rɪˈlɪdʒən ənd seks ðə ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈtɑːpɪks fɔːr bʊl ˈseʃənz kʊd nɑːt kəmˈpiːt wɪð ˈfʊtbɔːl əˈspeʃli wen sʌm wʌn ˈmenʃənd ˈrɔːli ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/
Line 5
Raleigh was Sanford's ancient rival; to defeat her was of cosmic importance.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

campus noun US /ˈkæmpəs/

a field on which the buildings of a university are situated

From this reading “The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.”

compete verb US /kəmˈpiːt/

compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others

From this reading “Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.”

cosmic adjective US /ˈkɑːzmɪk/

of or from or pertaining to or characteristic of the cosmos or universe

From this reading “Raleigh was Sanford's ancient rival; to defeat her was of cosmic importance.”

dormitory noun US /ˈdɔːrmətɔːri/

a college or university building containing living quarters for students

From this reading “Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.”

outstanding adjective US /ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ/

distinguished from others in excellence

From this reading “There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.”

personnel noun US /ˌpɜːrsəˈnel/

group of people willing to obey orders

From this reading “There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.”

sessions noun US /ˈseʃənz/

United States composer who promoted 20th century music (1896-1985)

From this reading “Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.”

undergraduates noun US /ˌʌndərˈɡrædʒəwəts/

plural of “undergraduate” — a university student who has not yet received a first degree

From this reading “There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Half the students at Sanford regularly made out "All American" teams, and each man was more than willing to debate the quality of his team against that of any other.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading Half the students at Sanford regularly made out "All American" teams, and each man was more than willing to debate the quality of his team against that of any other.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading Raleigh was Sanford's ancient rival; to defeat her was of cosmic importance.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Half the students at Sanford regularly made out "All American" teams, and each man was more than willing to debate the quality of his team against that of any other.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Half the students at Sanford regularly made out "All American" teams, and each man was more than willing to debate the quality of his team against that of any other.

bullnounUS /bʊl/

uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

campusnounUS /ˈkæmpəs/

a field on which the buildings of a university are situated

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

CollegenounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

competeverbUS /kəmˈpiːt/

compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

cosmicadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːzmɪk/

of or from or pertaining to or characteristic of the cosmos or universe

From this reading Raleigh was Sanford's ancient rival; to defeat her was of cosmic importance.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

debateverbUS /dəˈbeɪt/

argue with one another

From this reading Half the students at Sanford regularly made out "All American" teams, and each man was more than willing to debate the quality of his team against that of any other.

defeatnounUS /dɪˈfiːt/

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading Raleigh was Sanford's ancient rival; to defeat her was of cosmic importance.

discussingverbUS /dɪˈskʌsɪŋ/

-ing form of “discuss” — to consider or examine in speech or writing

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

dormitorynounUS /ˈdɔːrmətɔːri/

a college or university building containing living quarters for students

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

favoritenounUS /ˈfeɪvərɪt/

something regarded with special favor or liking

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

footballnounUS /ˈfʊtbɔːl/

any of various games played with a ball (round or oval) in which two teams try to kick or carry or propel the ball into each other's goal

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

fraternitynounUS /frəˈtɜːrnəti/

a social club for male undergraduates

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

gatheredadjectiveUS /ˈɡæðərd/

brought together in one place

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

groupsnounUS /ɡruːps/

plural of “group” — any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

HalfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading Half the students at Sanford regularly made out "All American" teams, and each man was more than willing to debate the quality of his team against that of any other.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Raleigh was Sanford's ancient rival; to defeat her was of cosmic importance.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Half the students at Sanford regularly made out "All American" teams, and each man was more than willing to debate the quality of his team against that of any other.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

importancenounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtəns/

the quality of being important and worthy of note

From this reading Raleigh was Sanford's ancient rival; to defeat her was of cosmic importance.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

lastedverbUS /ˈlæstəd/

past form of “last” — persist for a specified period of time

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Half the students at Sanford regularly made out "All American" teams, and each man was more than willing to debate the quality of his team against that of any other.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Half the students at Sanford regularly made out "All American" teams, and each man was more than willing to debate the quality of his team against that of any other.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

meritsnounUS /ˈmerəts/

plural of “merit” — any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Half the students at Sanford regularly made out "All American" teams, and each man was more than willing to debate the quality of his team against that of any other.

NightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Half the students at Sanford regularly made out "All American" teams, and each man was more than willing to debate the quality of his team against that of any other.

outstandingadjectiveUS /ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ/

distinguished from others in excellence

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

personnelnounUS /ˌpɜːrsəˈnel/

group of people willing to obey orders

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

playedadjectiveUS /pleɪd/

(of games) engaged in

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

playersnounUS /ˈpleɪərz/

plural of “player” — a person who participates in or is skilled at some game

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

qualitynounUS /ˈkwɑːləti/

an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading Half the students at Sanford regularly made out "All American" teams, and each man was more than willing to debate the quality of his team against that of any other.

RaleighnounUS /ˈrɔːli/

English courtier (a favorite of Elizabeth I) who tried to colonize Virginia; introduced potatoes and tobacco to England (1552-1618)

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

regularlyadverbUS /ˈreɡjələrli/

in a regular manner

From this reading Half the students at Sanford regularly made out "All American" teams, and each man was more than willing to debate the quality of his team against that of any other.

relativenounUS /ˈrelətɪv/

a person related by blood or marriage

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

rivalverbUS /ˈraɪvəl/

be equal to in quality or ability

From this reading Raleigh was Sanford's ancient rival; to defeat her was of cosmic importance.

roomsnounUS /ruːmz/

apartment consisting of a series of connected rooms used as a living unit (as in a hotel)

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

Sanford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Half the students at Sanford regularly made out "All American" teams, and each man was more than willing to debate the quality of his team against that of any other.

Sanford's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Raleigh was Sanford's ancient rival; to defeat her was of cosmic importance.

scoresnounUS /skɔːrz/

a large number or amount

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

seasonnounUS /ˈsiːzən/

a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

sessionsnounUS /ˈseʃənz/

United States composer who promoted 20th century music (1896-1985)

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

sexnounUS /seks/

activities associated with sexual intercourse

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

studentsnounUS /ˈstuːdənts/

plural of “student” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading Half the students at Sanford regularly made out "All American" teams, and each man was more than willing to debate the quality of his team against that of any other.

talkedverbUS /tɔːkt/

past form of “talk” — exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

teamnounUS /tiːm/

a cooperative unit (especially in sports)

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

teamsnounUS /tiːmz/

plural of “team” — a cooperative unit (especially in sports)

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Half the students at Sanford regularly made out "All American" teams, and each man was more than willing to debate the quality of his team against that of any other.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

topicsnounUS /ˈtɑːpɪks/

plural of “topic” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

undergraduatesnounUS /ˌʌndərˈɡrædʒəwəts/

plural of “undergraduate” — a university student who has not yet received a first degree

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

virtuallyadverbUS /ˈvɜːrtʃuːəli/

in essence or effect but not in fact

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

weeksnounUS /wiːks/

plural of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading The football season lasted from the first of October to the latter part of November, and during those weeks little was talked about, or even thought about, on the campus but football.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading There were undergraduates who knew the personnel of virtually every football team in the country, the teams that had played against each other, their relative merits, the various scores, the outstanding players of each position.

willingadjectiveUS /ˈwɪlɪŋ/

disposed or inclined toward

From this reading Half the students at Sanford regularly made out "All American" teams, and each man was more than willing to debate the quality of his team against that of any other.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Night after night the students gathered in groups in dormitory rooms and fraternity houses, discussing football, football, football; even religion and sex, the favorite topics for "bull sessions," could not compete with football, especially when some one mentioned Raleigh College.

Chapter 9 of The Plastic Age by Percy Marks holds 227 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of The Plastic Age contain?

Chapter 9 holds 227 sentences of The Plastic Age, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of The Plastic Age by Percy Marks exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 227 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of The Plastic Age?

Work through the 46 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 46 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Plastic Age

Common questions about reading The Plastic Age by Percy Marks on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Plastic Age?

Yes. All 5331 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16532 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Plastic Age is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16532, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Plastic Age take to read?

About 444 minutes of reading across 1067 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Plastic Age section by section

How to work through The Plastic Age section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of The Plastic Age to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Plastic Age

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Plastic Age, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Wrote
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Plastic Age; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Plastic Age; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mother
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Plastic Age; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Father
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Plastic Age; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.