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The Plow-Woman
The Plow-Woman

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Plow-Woman is here in full — 244 sentences across 49 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Plow-Woman
Context Illustration Reading 1/48 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MISUNDERSTANDINGS Snow fell on the very heels of the cavalry.
Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.
Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.
And so heavy and ceaseless was the downfall that, at supper-time, the sweet trumpet notes of "retreat" were wafted out from Brannon across a covered plain.
When morning dawned, the heavens were cloudless, and the laggard sun, as it rose, shone with blinding glory upon peaceful miles.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Plow-Woman

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Plow-Woman is here in full — 244 sentences across 49 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/48 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MISUNDERSTANDINGS Snow fell on the very heels of the cavalry.
/ˌmɪsəndərˈstændɪŋz snoʊ fel ɑːn ðə ˈveri hiːlz ʌv ðə ˈkævəlri/
Line 2
Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.
Line 3
Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.
Line 4
And so heavy and ceaseless was the downfall that, at supper-time, the sweet trumpet notes of "retreat" were wafted out from Brannon across a covered plain.
Line 5
When morning dawned, the heavens were cloudless, and the laggard sun, as it rose, shone with blinding glory upon peaceful miles.
/wen ˈmɔːrnɪŋ dɔːnd ðə ˈhevənz wɜːr ˈklaʊdləs ənd ðə ˈlæɡərd sʌn æz ɪt roʊz ʃoʊn wɪð ˈblaɪndɪŋ ˈɡlɔːri əˈpɑːn ˈpiːsfəl maɪlz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

blending noun US /ˈblendɪŋ/

the act of blending components together thoroughly

From this reading “Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.”

cottonwood noun US /ˈkɑːtənwʊd/

any of several North American trees of the genus Populus having a tuft of cottony hairs on the seed

From this reading “Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.”

crystalline adjective US /ˈkrɪstəlaɪn/

consisting of or containing or of the nature of crystals

From this reading “Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.”

donning verb US /ˈdɑːnɪŋ/

inflected form of “don” — put clothing on one's body

From this reading “Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.”

laggard noun US /ˈlæɡərd/

someone who takes more time than necessary; someone who lags behind

From this reading “When morning dawned, the heavens were cloudless, and the laggard sun, as it rose, shone with blinding glory upon peaceful miles.”

misunderstandings noun US /ˌmɪsəndərˈstændɪŋz/

plural of “misunderstanding” — putting the wrong interpretation on

From this reading “MISUNDERSTANDINGS Snow fell on the very heels of the cavalry.”

plowed adjective US /plaʊd/

(of farmland) broken and turned over with a plow

From this reading “Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.”

stockade noun US /ˈstɑːkeɪd/

fortification consisting of a fence made of a line of stout posts set firmly for defense

From this reading “Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

once more adverb + adjective

anew

In this reading “Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.”

morning dawned noun + noun counted as “morning dawn”

In this reading “When morning dawned, the heavens were cloudless, and the laggard sun, as it rose, shone with blinding glory upon peaceful miles.”

came floating verb + adjective counted as “come floating”

In this reading “Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.”

fell on verb + particle

In this reading “MISUNDERSTANDINGS Snow fell on the very heels of the cavalry.”

shone with verb + particle counted as “shine with”

In this reading “When morning dawned, the heavens were cloudless, and the laggard sun, as it rose, shone with blinding glory upon peaceful miles.”

by the wind preposition + article + noun counted as “by … wind”

In this reading “Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading And so heavy and ceaseless was the downfall that, at supper-time, the sweet trumpet notes of "retreat" were wafted out from Brannon across a covered plain.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading When morning dawned, the heavens were cloudless, and the laggard sun, as it rose, shone with blinding glory upon peaceful miles.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading And so heavy and ceaseless was the downfall that, at supper-time, the sweet trumpet notes of "retreat" were wafted out from Brannon across a covered plain.

barracksnounUS /ˈbærəks/

plural of “barrack” — a building or group of buildings used to house military personnel

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

blendingnounUS /ˈblendɪŋ/

the act of blending components together thoroughly

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

blindingadjectiveUS /ˈblaɪndɪŋ/

shining intensely

From this reading When morning dawned, the heavens were cloudless, and the laggard sun, as it rose, shone with blinding glory upon peaceful miles.

Brannon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And so heavy and ceaseless was the downfall that, at supper-time, the sweet trumpet notes of "retreat" were wafted out from Brannon across a covered plain.

breastsnounUS /brests/

plural of “breast” — the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

cavalrynounUS /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

From this reading MISUNDERSTANDINGS Snow fell on the very heels of the cavalry.

ceaselessadjectiveUS /ˈsiːslɪs/

uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing

From this reading And so heavy and ceaseless was the downfall that, at supper-time, the sweet trumpet notes of "retreat" were wafted out from Brannon across a covered plain.

cloudlessadjectiveUS /ˈklaʊdləs/

free from clouds

From this reading When morning dawned, the heavens were cloudless, and the laggard sun, as it rose, shone with blinding glory upon peaceful miles.

cottonwoodnounUS /ˈkɑːtənwʊd/

any of several North American trees of the genus Populus having a tuft of cottony hairs on the seed

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

coulee

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading And so heavy and ceaseless was the downfall that, at supper-time, the sweet trumpet notes of "retreat" were wafted out from Brannon across a covered plain.

crystallineadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstəlaɪn/

consisting of or containing or of the nature of crystals

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

dawnedverbUS /dɔːnd/

past form of “dawn” — become clear or enter one's consciousness or emotions

From this reading When morning dawned, the heavens were cloudless, and the laggard sun, as it rose, shone with blinding glory upon peaceful miles.

donningverbUS /ˈdɑːnɪŋ/

inflected form of “don” — put clothing on one's body

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

downfallnounUS /ˈdaʊnfɔːl/

failure that results in a loss of position or reputation

From this reading And so heavy and ceaseless was the downfall that, at supper-time, the sweet trumpet notes of "retreat" were wafted out from Brannon across a covered plain.

droopingadjectiveUS /ˈdruːpɪŋ/

weak from exhaustion

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading MISUNDERSTANDINGS Snow fell on the very heels of the cavalry.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

flakesnounUS /fleɪks/

plural of “flake” — a crystal of snow

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

floatingadjectiveUS /ˈfloʊtɪŋ/

borne up by or suspended in a liquid

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

glorynounUS /ˈɡlɔːri/

a state of high honor

From this reading When morning dawned, the heavens were cloudless, and the laggard sun, as it rose, shone with blinding glory upon peaceful miles.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

heavensnounUS /ˈhevənz/

the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading When morning dawned, the heavens were cloudless, and the laggard sun, as it rose, shone with blinding glory upon peaceful miles.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading And so heavy and ceaseless was the downfall that, at supper-time, the sweet trumpet notes of "retreat" were wafted out from Brannon across a covered plain.

heelsnounUS /hiːlz/

plural of “heel” — the bottom of a shoe or boot; the back part of a shoe or boot that touches the ground and provides elevation

From this reading MISUNDERSTANDINGS Snow fell on the very heels of the cavalry.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When morning dawned, the heavens were cloudless, and the laggard sun, as it rose, shone with blinding glory upon peaceful miles.

laggardnounUS /ˈlæɡərd/

someone who takes more time than necessary; someone who lags behind

From this reading When morning dawned, the heavens were cloudless, and the laggard sun, as it rose, shone with blinding glory upon peaceful miles.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading When morning dawned, the heavens were cloudless, and the laggard sun, as it rose, shone with blinding glory upon peaceful miles.

MISUNDERSTANDINGSnounUS /ˌmɪsəndərˈstændɪŋz/

plural of “misunderstanding” — putting the wrong interpretation on

From this reading MISUNDERSTANDINGS Snow fell on the very heels of the cavalry.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading When morning dawned, the heavens were cloudless, and the laggard sun, as it rose, shone with blinding glory upon peaceful miles.

night-cap

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

notesnounUS /noʊts/

plural of “note” — a brief written record

From this reading And so heavy and ceaseless was the downfall that, at supper-time, the sweet trumpet notes of "retreat" were wafted out from Brannon across a covered plain.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MISUNDERSTANDINGS Snow fell on the very heels of the cavalry.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading MISUNDERSTANDINGS Snow fell on the very heels of the cavalry.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

peacefuladjectiveUS /ˈpiːsfəl/

not disturbed by strife or turmoil or war

From this reading When morning dawned, the heavens were cloudless, and the laggard sun, as it rose, shone with blinding glory upon peaceful miles.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading And so heavy and ceaseless was the downfall that, at supper-time, the sweet trumpet notes of "retreat" were wafted out from Brannon across a covered plain.

plowedadjectiveUS /plaʊd/

(of farmland) broken and turned over with a plow

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

pluckedadjectiveUS /plʌkt/

of a stringed instrument; sounded with the fingers or a plectrum

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

prairienounUS /ˈpreri/

a treeless grassy plain

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

retreatnounUS /riˈtriːt/

(military) withdrawal of troops to a more favorable position to escape the enemy's superior forces or after a defeat

From this reading And so heavy and ceaseless was the downfall that, at supper-time, the sweet trumpet notes of "retreat" were wafted out from Brannon across a covered plain.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading When morning dawned, the heavens were cloudless, and the laggard sun, as it rose, shone with blinding glory upon peaceful miles.

safeadjectiveUS /seɪf/

free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

ScarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

shacknounUS /ʃæk/

small crude shelter used as a dwelling

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

shocknounUS /ʃɑːk/

the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens accidentally

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

shoneverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “shine” — be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading When morning dawned, the heavens were cloudless, and the laggard sun, as it rose, shone with blinding glory upon peaceful miles.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

SnownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading MISUNDERSTANDINGS Snow fell on the very heels of the cavalry.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading And so heavy and ceaseless was the downfall that, at supper-time, the sweet trumpet notes of "retreat" were wafted out from Brannon across a covered plain.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

SoonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

southward-hastening

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

spotlessadjectiveUS /ˈspɑːtləs/

completely neat and clean

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

stockadenounUS /ˈstɑːkeɪd/

fortification consisting of a fence made of a line of stout posts set firmly for defense

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

stripverbUS /strɪp/

take away possessions from someone

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

sumachnoun

a shrub or tree of the genus Rhus (usually limited to the non-poisonous members of the genus)

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading When morning dawned, the heavens were cloudless, and the laggard sun, as it rose, shone with blinding glory upon peaceful miles.

supper-time

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And so heavy and ceaseless was the downfall that, at supper-time, the sweet trumpet notes of "retreat" were wafted out from Brannon across a covered plain.

sweetadjectiveUS /swiːt/

having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar

From this reading And so heavy and ceaseless was the downfall that, at supper-time, the sweet trumpet notes of "retreat" were wafted out from Brannon across a covered plain.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading And so heavy and ceaseless was the downfall that, at supper-time, the sweet trumpet notes of "retreat" were wafted out from Brannon across a covered plain.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MISUNDERSTANDINGS Snow fell on the very heels of the cavalry.

troopersnounUS /ˈtruːpərz/

plural of “trooper” — a soldier in a motorized army unit

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

trumpetverbUS /ˈtrʌmpət/

proclaim on, or as if on, a trumpet

From this reading And so heavy and ceaseless was the downfall that, at supper-time, the sweet trumpet notes of "retreat" were wafted out from Brannon across a covered plain.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

unplowedadjective

(of farmland) not plowed

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading When morning dawned, the heavens were cloudless, and the laggard sun, as it rose, shone with blinding glory upon peaceful miles.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading MISUNDERSTANDINGS Snow fell on the very heels of the cavalry.

waftedverbUS /ˈwɑːftɪd/

past form of “waft” — be driven or carried along, as by the air

From this reading And so heavy and ceaseless was the downfall that, at supper-time, the sweet trumpet notes of "retreat" were wafted out from Brannon across a covered plain.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

weightnounUS /weɪt/

the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

wild-fowl

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Scarcely were the Indians safe in the stockade and the troopers once more in barracks, when some first flakes, like down plucked by the wind from the breasts of the southward-hastening wild-fowl, came floating out of the sky.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Soon the long sumach leaves on the coulee edge were drooping under a crystalline weight, the black plowed strip was blending with the unplowed prairie, and the shock head of the cottonwood shack was donning a spotless night-cap.

Chapter 4 of The Plow-Woman by Eleanor Gates holds 244 sentences, grouped into 49 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Plow-Woman contain?

Chapter 4 holds 244 sentences of The Plow-Woman, unabridged, divided into 49 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Plow-Woman by Eleanor Gates exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 244 sentences, grouped into 49 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Plow-Woman?

Work through the 49 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 49 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Plow-Woman

Common questions about reading The Plow-Woman by Eleanor Gates on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Plow-Woman?

Yes. All 7668 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31139 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Plow-Woman is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31139, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Plow-Woman take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1534 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Plow-Woman section by section

How to work through The Plow-Woman section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Plow-Woman to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Plow-Woman

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Plow-Woman, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Plow-Woman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Biography
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Plow-Woman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prairie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Plow-Woman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Robert
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Plow-Woman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.