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The Plowshare and the Sword
The Plowshare and the Sword

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Plowshare and the Sword is here in full — 187 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/37 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
COUCHICING.
A month went after the failure of the Dutch venture, and the sachems of the Iroquois still awaited the signal of the raft of fire.
Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.
The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.
He was therefore afraid to approach the Indians again; but his mind was yet occupied with its former plot of seizing the fortress with their aid.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Plowshare and the Sword

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Plowshare and the Sword is here in full — 187 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
COUCHICING.
Line 2
A month went after the failure of the Dutch venture, and the sachems of the Iroquois still awaited the signal of the raft of fire.
Line 3
Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.
Line 4
The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.
Line 5
He was therefore afraid to approach the Indians again; but his mind was yet occupied with its former plot of seizing the fortress with their aid.
/hiː wɑːz ˈðerfɔːr əˈfreɪd tuː əˈproʊtʃ ðə ˈɪndiənz əˈɡen bʌt hɪz maɪnd wɑːz jet ˈɑːkjəpaɪd wɪð ɪts ˈfɔːrmər plɑːt ʌv ˈsiːzɪŋ ðə ˈfɔːrtrəs wɪð ðer eɪd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attacker noun US /əˈtækər/

someone who attacks

From this reading “Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.”

Avignon noun US /ˈævɪnjɔːn/

a town in southeastern France on the Rhone River; the seat of the papacy from 1309 to 1378 and the residence of antipopes during the Great Schism

From this reading “Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.”

avoiding verb US /əˈvɔɪdɪŋ/

-ing form of “avoid” — stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading “Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.”

commandant noun US /ˌkɑːmənˈdɑːnt/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading “Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.”

Dutchman noun US /ˈdʌtʃmən/

a native or inhabitant of Holland

From this reading “The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.”

inquiring adjective US /ˌɪnˈkwaɪərɪŋ/

given to inquiry

From this reading “Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.”

Iroquois noun US /ˈɪrəkwɔɪ/

any member of the warlike North American Indian peoples formerly living in New York State; the Iroquois League were allies of the British during the American Revolution

From this reading “A month went after the failure of the Dutch venture, and the sachems of the Iroquois still awaited the signal of the raft of fire.”

overtures noun US /ˈoʊvərtʃʊrz/

plural of “overture” — orchestral music played at the beginning of an opera or oratorio

From this reading “Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

strongly suspected adverb + adjective

In this reading “The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.”

street corner noun + noun

the intersection of two streets

In this reading “Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.”

at the mercy preposition + article + noun counted as “at … mercy”

In this reading “Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.”

remained at verb + particle counted as “remain at”

In this reading “Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.”

in making preposition + noun

In this reading “Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A month went after the failure of the Dutch venture, and the sachems of the Iroquois still awaited the signal of the raft of fire.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

afraidadjectiveUS /əˈfreɪd/

filled with fear or apprehension

From this reading He was therefore afraid to approach the Indians again; but his mind was yet occupied with its former plot of seizing the fortress with their aid.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading A month went after the failure of the Dutch venture, and the sachems of the Iroquois still awaited the signal of the raft of fire.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading He was therefore afraid to approach the Indians again; but his mind was yet occupied with its former plot of seizing the fortress with their aid.

aidnounUS /eɪd/

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

From this reading He was therefore afraid to approach the Indians again; but his mind was yet occupied with its former plot of seizing the fortress with their aid.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A month went after the failure of the Dutch venture, and the sachems of the Iroquois still awaited the signal of the raft of fire.

anxiouslyadverbUS /ˈæŋkʃəsli/

with anxiety or apprehension

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

approachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/

move towards

From this reading He was therefore afraid to approach the Indians again; but his mind was yet occupied with its former plot of seizing the fortress with their aid.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

attackernounUS /əˈtækər/

someone who attacks

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

AvignonnounUS /ˈævɪnjɔːn/

a town in southeastern France on the Rhone River; the seat of the papacy from 1309 to 1378 and the residence of antipopes during the Great Schism

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

avoidingverbUS /əˈvɔɪdɪŋ/

-ing form of “avoid” — stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

awaitedadjectiveUS /əˈweɪtɪd/

expected hopefully

From this reading A month went after the failure of the Dutch venture, and the sachems of the Iroquois still awaited the signal of the raft of fire.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He was therefore afraid to approach the Indians again; but his mind was yet occupied with its former plot of seizing the fortress with their aid.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

cognisantadjective

(sometimes followed by “of”) having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization or perception

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

commandantnounUS /ˌkɑːmənˈdɑːnt/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

concerningverbUS /kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “concern” — be relevant to

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

cornernounUS /ˈkɔːrnər/

a place off to the side of an area

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

COUCHICING

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading COUCHICING.

councilnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a body serving in an administrative capacity

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

cowardlyadjectiveUS /ˈkaʊərdli/

lacking courage; ignobly timid and faint-hearted

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

DutchadjectiveUS /dʌtʃ/

of or relating to the Netherlands or its people or culture

From this reading A month went after the failure of the Dutch venture, and the sachems of the Iroquois still awaited the signal of the raft of fire.

DutchmannounUS /ˈdʌtʃmən/

a native or inhabitant of Holland

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

dwarfnounUS /dwɔːrf/

a person who is markedly small

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

exceedinglyadverbUS /ɪkˈsiːdɪŋli/

to an extreme degree

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

failurenounUS /ˈfeɪljər/

an act that fails

From this reading A month went after the failure of the Dutch venture, and the sachems of the Iroquois still awaited the signal of the raft of fire.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading A month went after the failure of the Dutch venture, and the sachems of the Iroquois still awaited the signal of the raft of fire.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading He was therefore afraid to approach the Indians again; but his mind was yet occupied with its former plot of seizing the fortress with their aid.

fortressnounUS /ˈfɔːrtrəs/

a fortified defensive structure

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

frailadjectiveUS /freɪl/

physically weak

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

friendlyadjectiveUS /ˈfrendli/

characteristic of or befitting a friend

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

Gaudriole

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading He was therefore afraid to approach the Indians again; but his mind was yet occupied with its former plot of seizing the fortress with their aid.

inquiringadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪərɪŋ/

given to inquiry

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

IroquoisnounUS /ˈɪrəkwɔɪ/

any member of the warlike North American Indian peoples formerly living in New York State; the Iroquois League were allies of the British during the American Revolution

From this reading A month went after the failure of the Dutch venture, and the sachems of the Iroquois still awaited the signal of the raft of fire.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading He was therefore afraid to approach the Indians again; but his mind was yet occupied with its former plot of seizing the fortress with their aid.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

LanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

lossnounUS /lɔːs/

something that is lost

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

mercynounUS /ˈmɜːrsi/

leniency and compassion shown toward offenders by a person or agency charged with administering justice

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading He was therefore afraid to approach the Indians again; but his mind was yet occupied with its former plot of seizing the fortress with their aid.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading A month went after the failure of the Dutch venture, and the sachems of the Iroquois still awaited the signal of the raft of fire.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

newsnounUS /nuːz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading He was therefore afraid to approach the Indians again; but his mind was yet occupied with its former plot of seizing the fortress with their aid.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A month went after the failure of the Dutch venture, and the sachems of the Iroquois still awaited the signal of the raft of fire.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

overturesnounUS /ˈoʊvərtʃʊrz/

plural of “overture” — orchestral music played at the beginning of an opera or oratorio

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

plotnounUS /plɑːt/

a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)

From this reading He was therefore afraid to approach the Indians again; but his mind was yet occupied with its former plot of seizing the fortress with their aid.

punishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌnɪʃt/

subjected to a penalty (as pain or shame or restraint or loss) for an offense or fault or in order to coerce some behavior (as a confession or obedience)

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

raftnounUS /ræft/

a flat float (usually made of logs or planks) that can be used for transport or as a platform for swimmers

From this reading A month went after the failure of the Dutch venture, and the sachems of the Iroquois still awaited the signal of the raft of fire.

refusedverbUS /rəˈfjuːzd/

past form of “refuse” — show unwillingness towards

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

sachems

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A month went after the failure of the Dutch venture, and the sachems of the Iroquois still awaited the signal of the raft of fire.

Salle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

seizingnounUS /ˈsiːzɪŋ/

small stuff that is used for lashing two or more ropes together

From this reading He was therefore afraid to approach the Indians again; but his mind was yet occupied with its former plot of seizing the fortress with their aid.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

signalnounUS /ˈsɪɡnəl/

any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message

From this reading A month went after the failure of the Dutch venture, and the sachems of the Iroquois still awaited the signal of the raft of fire.

spendingnounUS /ˈspendɪŋ/

the act of spending or disbursing money

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading A month went after the failure of the Dutch venture, and the sachems of the Iroquois still awaited the signal of the raft of fire.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

stronglyadverbUS /ˈstrɔːŋli/

with strength or in a strong manner

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

suspectedadjectiveUS /səˈspektɪd/

believed likely

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

suspendedadjectiveUS /səˈspendɪd/

(of undissolved particles in a fluid) supported or kept from sinking or falling by buoyancy and without apparent attachment

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

swordnounUS /sɔːrd/

a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A month went after the failure of the Dutch venture, and the sachems of the Iroquois still awaited the signal of the raft of fire.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading He was therefore afraid to approach the Indians again; but his mind was yet occupied with its former plot of seizing the fortress with their aid.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading He was therefore afraid to approach the Indians again; but his mind was yet occupied with its former plot of seizing the fortress with their aid.

threadverbUS /θred/

to move or cause to move in a sinuous, spiral, or circular course

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

treacherynounUS /ˈtretʃ.ər.i/

Betrayal of trust; deceptive action or disloyalty against a host or ally.

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

VannounUS /væn/

any creative group active in the innovation and application of new concepts and techniques in a given field (especially in the arts)

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

venturenounUS /ˈventʃər/

any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome

From this reading A month went after the failure of the Dutch venture, and the sachems of the Iroquois still awaited the signal of the raft of fire.

visitsnounUS /ˈvɪzɪts/

plural of “visit” — the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time

From this reading The Dutchman was being punished for his treachery by the knowledge that a sword was suspended by an exceedingly frail thread above his head, for he strongly suspected that the dwarf Gaudriole was cognisant of his visits to the council fire.

Vuren

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading A month went after the failure of the Dutch venture, and the sachems of the Iroquois still awaited the signal of the raft of fire.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He was therefore afraid to approach the Indians again; but his mind was yet occupied with its former plot of seizing the fortress with their aid.

witnessedverbUS /ˈwɪtnəst/

past form of “witness” — be a witness to

From this reading Van Vuren had entered the fortress that morning which witnessed the loss of his ship, and there remained at the mercy of the French, spending his days in making friendly overtures to the commandant, avoiding La Salle--who still refused to believe that it was not Van Vuren who had been his cowardly attacker that distant night at the street corner in Avignon--and anxiously inquiring for news concerning the expedition which he had sent out to the west.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading He was therefore afraid to approach the Indians again; but his mind was yet occupied with its former plot of seizing the fortress with their aid.

Chapter 8 of The Plowshare and the Sword by John Trevena holds 187 sentences, grouped into 38 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Plowshare and the Sword contain?

Chapter 8 holds 187 sentences of The Plowshare and the Sword, unabridged, divided into 38 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Plowshare and the Sword by John Trevena exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 187 sentences, grouped into 38 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Plowshare and the Sword?

Work through the 38 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 38 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Plowshare and the Sword

Common questions about reading The Plowshare and the Sword by John Trevena on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Plowshare and the Sword?

Yes. All 5281 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #35141 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Plowshare and the Sword is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #35141, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Plowshare and the Sword take to read?

About 440 minutes of reading across 1057 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Plowshare and the Sword section by section

How to work through The Plowshare and the Sword section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 37 chapters of The Plowshare and the Sword to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Plowshare and the Sword

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Plowshare and the Sword, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Empire
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Plowshare and the Sword; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Vision
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Plowshare and the Sword; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Plowshare and the Sword; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Evening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Plowshare and the Sword; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.