Chapter I

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How many changes even since 1350, when our ancestor Jocelyn the Champion fell wounded beside Etienne Marcel, who was assassinated by John Maillart and the royalists!

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading How many changes even since 1350, when our ancestor Jocelyn the Champion fell wounded beside Etienne Marcel, who was assassinated by John Maillart and the royalists!

plural of “angle” — the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading But now, the same as in the past, Paris remains divided into four towns, so to speak, by two thoroughfares that cross each other at right angles.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But now, the same as in the past, Paris remains divided into four towns, so to speak, by two thoroughfares that cross each other at right angles.

murdered by surprise attack for political reasons

From this reading How many changes even since 1350, when our ancestor Jocelyn the Champion fell wounded beside Etienne Marcel, who was assassinated by John Maillart and the royalists!

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

next to; at the side of

From this reading How many changes even since 1350, when our ancestor Jocelyn the Champion fell wounded beside Etienne Marcel, who was assassinated by John Maillart and the royalists!

plural of “boundary” — the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But now, the same as in the past, Paris remains divided into four towns, so to speak, by two thoroughfares that cross each other at right angles.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading How many changes even since 1350, when our ancestor Jocelyn the Champion fell wounded beside Etienne Marcel, who was assassinated by John Maillart and the royalists!

a period of 100 years

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

someone who has won first place in a competition

From this reading How many changes even since 1350, when our ancestor Jocelyn the Champion fell wounded beside Etienne Marcel, who was assassinated by John Maillart and the royalists!

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

travel across or pass over

From this reading But now, the same as in the past, Paris remains divided into four towns, so to speak, by two thoroughfares that cross each other at right angles.

every day; without missing a day

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

separated into parts or pieces

From this reading But now, the same as in the past, Paris remains divided into four towns, so to speak, by two thoroughfares that cross each other at right angles.

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading But now, the same as in the past, Paris remains divided into four towns, so to speak, by two thoroughfares that cross each other at right angles.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

enclose or enfold completely with or as if with a covering

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How many changes even since 1350, when our ancestor Jocelyn the Champion fell wounded beside Etienne Marcel, who was assassinated by John Maillart and the royalists!

divisible by two

From this reading How many changes even since 1350, when our ancestor Jocelyn the Champion fell wounded beside Etienne Marcel, who was assassinated by John Maillart and the royalists!

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading How many changes even since 1350, when our ancestor Jocelyn the Champion fell wounded beside Etienne Marcel, who was assassinated by John Maillart and the royalists!

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How many changes even since 1350, when our ancestor Jocelyn the Champion fell wounded beside Etienne Marcel, who was assassinated by John Maillart and the royalists!

ten 10s

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

moving to the inside of something

From this reading But now, the same as in the past, Paris remains divided into four towns, so to speak, by two thoroughfares that cross each other at right angles.

the act of beginning something new

From this reading THE SOCIETY OF JESUS INTRODUCTION.

the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)

From this reading THE SOCIETY OF JESUS INTRODUCTION.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How many changes even since 1350, when our ancestor Jocelyn the Champion fell wounded beside Etienne Marcel, who was assassinated by John Maillart and the royalists!

a Hebrew minor prophet

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading How many changes even since 1350, when our ancestor Jocelyn the Champion fell wounded beside Etienne Marcel, who was assassinated by John Maillart and the royalists!

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How many changes even since 1350, when our ancestor Jocelyn the Champion fell wounded beside Etienne Marcel, who was assassinated by John Maillart and the royalists!

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading How many changes even since 1350, when our ancestor Jocelyn the Champion fell wounded beside Etienne Marcel, who was assassinated by John Maillart and the royalists!

a hairdo characterized by deep regular waves that are made by a heated curling iron

From this reading How many changes even since 1350, when our ancestor Jocelyn the Champion fell wounded beside Etienne Marcel, who was assassinated by John Maillart and the royalists!

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

position nine in a countable series of things

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

an inhabitant of Scandinavia

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE SOCIETY OF JESUS INTRODUCTION.

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading But now, the same as in the past, Paris remains divided into four towns, so to speak, by two thoroughfares that cross each other at right angles.

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

of or relating to or characteristic of Paris or its inhabitants

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

the time that has elapsed

From this reading But now, the same as in the past, Paris remains divided into four towns, so to speak, by two thoroughfares that cross each other at right angles.

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

any object that is left unused or still extant

From this reading But now, the same as in the past, Paris remains divided into four towns, so to speak, by two thoroughfares that cross each other at right angles.

precisely, exactly

From this reading But now, the same as in the past, Paris remains divided into four towns, so to speak, by two thoroughfares that cross each other at right angles.

move upward

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How many changes even since 1350, when our ancestor Jocelyn the Champion fell wounded beside Etienne Marcel, who was assassinated by John Maillart and the royalists!

plural of “run” — a score in baseball made by a runner touching all four bases safely

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

Identical; not different.

From this reading But now, the same as in the past, Paris remains divided into four towns, so to speak, by two thoroughfares that cross each other at right angles.

from a time in the past until now

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

a student who fails to attend classes

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading But now, the same as in the past, Paris remains divided into four towns, so to speak, by two thoroughfares that cross each other at right angles.

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading THE SOCIETY OF JESUS INTRODUCTION.

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

plural of “soul” — the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

express in speech

From this reading But now, the same as in the past, Paris remains divided into four towns, so to speak, by two thoroughfares that cross each other at right angles.

plural of “suburb” — a residential district located on the outskirts of a city

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But now, the same as in the past, Paris remains divided into four towns, so to speak, by two thoroughfares that cross each other at right angles.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SOCIETY OF JESUS INTRODUCTION.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

the cardinal number that is the sum of twelve and one

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

plural of “thoroughfare” — a public road from one place to another

From this reading But now, the same as in the past, Paris remains divided into four towns, so to speak, by two thoroughfares that cross each other at right angles.

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

plural of “town” — an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading But now, the same as in the past, Paris remains divided into four towns, so to speak, by two thoroughfares that cross each other at right angles.

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading But now, the same as in the past, Paris remains divided into four towns, so to speak, by two thoroughfares that cross each other at right angles.

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading How many changes even since 1350, when our ancestor Jocelyn the Champion fell wounded beside Etienne Marcel, who was assassinated by John Maillart and the royalists!

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

at the time that

From this reading What great changes, sons of Joel, have taken place in Paris since the time when our ancestor Eidiol the Parisian skipper lived in this city, in the Ninth Century, at the time of the Northman invasion!

which person or people

From this reading How many changes even since 1350, when our ancestor Jocelyn the Champion fell wounded beside Etienne Marcel, who was assassinated by John Maillart and the royalists!

belonging to which person

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.

people who are wounded

From this reading How many changes even since 1350, when our ancestor Jocelyn the Champion fell wounded beside Etienne Marcel, who was assassinated by John Maillart and the royalists!

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The population of this great city now, in the year 1534, runs up to about four hundred thousand souls; daily new houses rise in the suburbs and outside the city walls, whose boundaries have become too narrow, although they enclose from twelve to thirteen thousand houses.