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The Poetical Works of Addison
The Poetical Works of Addison

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Poetical Works of Addison is here in full — 272 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/54 · 5 lines
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THE STORY OF SALMACIS AND HERMAPHRODITES.
How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.
The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.
When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.
With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Poetical Works of Addison

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Poetical Works of Addison is here in full — 272 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/54 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE STORY OF SALMACIS AND HERMAPHRODITES.
Line 2
How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.
Line 3
The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.
Line 4
When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.
Line 5
With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cytherea noun US /ˌsɪθərˈiːə/

goddess of love and beauty and daughter of Zeus in ancient mythology; identified with Roman Venus

From this reading “The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.”

fairer adjective US /ˈferər/

comparative of “fair” — free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading “With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.”

fountains noun US /ˈfaʊntənz/

plural of “fountain” — a structure from which an artificially produced jet of water arises

From this reading “When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.”

heretofore adverb US /ˌhɪrtəˈfɔːr/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading “The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.”

Hermes noun US /ˈhɜːrmiz/

(Greek mythology) messenger and herald of the gods; god of commerce and cunning and invention and theft; identified with Roman Mercury

From this reading “The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.”

infant's noun US /ˈɪnfənts/

possessive form of “infant” — a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk

From this reading “The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.”

lessened adjective US /ˈlesənd/

impaired by diminution

From this reading “When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.”

Softens verb US /ˈsɔːfənz/

third-person singular of “soften” — make (images or sounds) soft or softer

From this reading “How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE STORY OF SALMACIS AND HERMAPHRODITES.

attendingnounUS /əˈtendɪŋ/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

authorsnounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

plural of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.

bordernounUS /ˈbɔːrdər/

a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

boreverbUS /bɔːr/

cause to be bored

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

bottomnounUS /ˈbɑːtəm/

the lower side of anything

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

concealedadjectiveUS /kənˈsiːld/

not accessible to view

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

cooladjectiveUS /kuːl/

neither warm nor very cold; giving relief from heat

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

CythereanounUS /ˌsɪθərˈiːə/

goddess of love and beauty and daughter of Zeus in ancient mythology; identified with Roman Venus

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

eageradjectiveUS /ˈiːɡər/

having or showing keen interest or intense desire or impatient expectancy

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.

enfeeblingadjective

causing debilitation

From this reading How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

faireradjectiveUS /ˈferər/

comparative of “fair” — free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

fifteennounUS /fɪfˈtiːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of fourteen and one

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

foreignadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrən/

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

fountainsnounUS /ˈfaʊntənz/

plural of “fountain” — a structure from which an artificially produced jet of water arises

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.

heretoforeadverbUS /ˌhɪrtəˈfɔːr/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

HERMAPHRODITES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE STORY OF SALMACIS AND HERMAPHRODITES.

HermesnounUS /ˈhɜːrmiz/

(Greek mythology) messenger and herald of the gods; god of commerce and cunning and invention and theft; identified with Roman Mercury

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

Ida's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

illustriousadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈlʌstriəs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

infantnounUS /ˈɪnfənt/

a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

infant'snounUS /ˈɪnfənts/

possessive form of “infant” — a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

lessenedadjectiveUS /ˈlesənd/

impaired by diminution

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

limbsnounUS /lɪmz/

plural of “limb” — one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper

From this reading How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.

lovelyadjectiveUS /ˈlʌvli/

appealing to the emotions as well as the eye

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

Lyciannoun

an Anatolian language

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

Naïads

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

nursedadjectiveUS /nɜːrst/

(of an infant) breast-fed

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE STORY OF SALMACIS AND HERMAPHRODITES.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

parentsnounUS /ˈperənts/

plural of “parent” — a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

retreatnounUS /riˈtriːt/

(military) withdrawal of troops to a more favorable position to escape the enemy's superior forces or after a defeat

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

SALMACISnoun

nymph who merged with Hermaphroditus to form one body

From this reading THE STORY OF SALMACIS AND HERMAPHRODITES.

sandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

SoftensverbUS /ˈsɔːfənz/

third-person singular of “soften” — make (images or sounds) soft or softer

From this reading How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

soughtadjectiveUS /sɔːt/

that is looked for

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

stepsnounUS /steps/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

STORYnounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading THE STORY OF SALMACIS AND HERMAPHRODITES.

streamsnounUS /striːmz/

plural of “stream” — a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE STORY OF SALMACIS AND HERMAPHRODITES.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

toilverbUS /tɔɪl/

work hard

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

tracenounUS /treɪs/

a just detectable amount

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

unnerves

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.

viewedverbUS /vjuːd/

past form of “view” — deem to be

From this reading With eager steps the Lycian fields he crossed, And fields that border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a sand concealed from human sight.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Naïads nursed an infant heretofore, That Cytherea once to Hermes bore: From both the illustrious authors of his race The child was named; nor was it hard to trace Both the bright parents through the infant's face.

weakadjectiveUS /wiːk/

wanting in physical strength

From this reading How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading How Salmacis, with weak enfeebling streams Softens the body, and unnerves the limbs, And what the secret cause, shall here be shown; The cause is secret, but the effect is known.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading When fifteen years, in Ida's cool retreat, _10 The boy had told, he left his native seat, And sought fresh fountains in a foreign soil; The pleasure lessened the attending toil.

Chapter 4 of The Poetical Works of Addison by Joseph Addison holds 272 sentences, grouped into 55 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Poetical Works of Addison contain?

Chapter 4 holds 272 sentences of The Poetical Works of Addison, unabridged, divided into 55 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Poetical Works of Addison by Joseph Addison exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 272 sentences, grouped into 55 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Poetical Works of Addison?

Work through the 55 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 55 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Is this the complete text of The Poetical Works of Addison?

Yes. All 4049 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #10587 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Poetical Works of Addison is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #10587, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Poetical Works of Addison take to read?

About 337 minutes of reading across 810 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Poetical Works of Addison

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Poetical Works of Addison, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fable
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poetical Works of Addison; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Vulture
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poetical Works of Addison; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sparrow
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poetical Works of Addison; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Other
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poetical Works of Addison; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.