Chapter V · Chapter 5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

how long something has existed

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

a cherished desire

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE SHEPHERD AND THE PHILOSOPHER.

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading Hath thy toil O'er books consumed the midnight oil?

plural of “care” — the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

being full of or promoting cheer; having or showing good spirits

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

past form of “consume” — eat up completely, as with great appetite

From this reading Hath thy toil O'er books consumed the midnight oil?

a small house with a single story

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

a feeling of grudging admiration and desire to have something that is possessed by another

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

past form of “explore” — inquire into

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

any federal law-enforcement officer

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

inflected form of “fly” — travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

a church congregation guided by a pastor

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

an angular or rounded shape made by folding

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

obtain

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

a republic in southeastern Europe on the southern part of the Balkan peninsula; known for grapes and olives and olive oil

From this reading Hast thou old Greece and Rome surveyed, And the vast sense of Plato weighed?

an old form of “have”, used with “thou”

From this reading Hast thou old Greece and Rome surveyed, And the vast sense of Plato weighed?

an old form of “has”

From this reading Hath thy toil O'er books consumed the midnight oil?

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

lacking in physical beauty or proportion

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night

From this reading Hath thy toil O'er books consumed the midnight oil?

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

throughout a period of time

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

A viscous liquid derived from petroleum or plants, stored in large earthen jars.

From this reading Hath thy toil O'er books consumed the midnight oil?

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Hast thou old Greece and Rome surveyed, And the vast sense of Plato weighed?

inflected form of “pen” — produce a literary work

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

a specialist in philosophy

From this reading THE SHEPHERD AND THE PHILOSOPHER.

ancient Athenian philosopher; pupil of Socrates; teacher of Aristotle (428-347 BC)

From this reading Hast thou old Greece and Rome surveyed, And the vast sense of Plato weighed?

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

located far away spatially

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading Hast thou old Greece and Rome surveyed, And the vast sense of Plato weighed?

plural of “rule” — a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

a mentor in spiritual and philosophical topics who is renowned for profound wisdom

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

plural of “school” — an educational institution

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

a general conscious awareness

From this reading Hast thou old Greece and Rome surveyed, And the vast sense of Plato weighed?

a clergyman who watches over a group of people

From this reading THE SHEPHERD AND THE PHILOSOPHER.

possessive form of “shepherd” — a clergyman who watches over a group of people

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

that is looked for

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

possessive form of “summer” — the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

past form of “survey” — consider in a comprehensive way

From this reading Hast thou old Greece and Rome surveyed, And the vast sense of Plato weighed?

a man who is the lover of a man or woman

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SHEPHERD AND THE PHILOSOPHER.

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading Hast thou old Greece and Rome surveyed, And the vast sense of Plato weighed?

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

an old word for “your”, speaking to one person

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

work hard

From this reading Hath thy toil O'er books consumed the midnight oil?

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Hast thou old Greece and Rome surveyed, And the vast sense of Plato weighed?

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

past form of “weigh” — have a certain weight

From this reading Hast thou old Greece and Rome surveyed, And the vast sense of Plato weighed?

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

an old word meaning “from where”

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

belonging to which person

From this reading _10 A deep philosopher (whose rules Of moral life were drawn from schools) The shepherd's homely cottage sought And thus explored his reach of thought: 'Whence is thy learning?

possessive form of “winter” — the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.

in the company of; together with

From this reading Remote from cities lived a swain, Unvexed with all the cares of gain; His head was silvered o'er with age, And long experience made him sage; In summer's heat, and winter's cold, He fed his flock and penned the fold; His hours in cheerful labour flew, Nor envy nor ambition knew: His wisdom and his honest fame Through all the country raised his name.