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The Poetical Works of Sir Edward Bulwer
The Poetical Works of Sir Edward Bulwer

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of The Poetical Works of Sir Edward Bulwer is here in full — 13 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Poetical Works of Sir Edward Bulwer
Context Illustration Reading 1/2 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"And how canst thou in tourneys shine, Or tread the glittering festal floor?
On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"
His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.
Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.
"As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Poetical Works of Sir Edward Bulwer

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of The Poetical Works of Sir Edward Bulwer is here in full — 13 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/2 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"And how canst thou in tourneys shine, Or tread the glittering festal floor?
Line 2
On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"
Line 3
His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.
Line 4
Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.
Line 5
"As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Arthur's noun US /ˈɑːrθərz/

possessive form of “arthur” — elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading “His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.”

forest's noun US /ˈfɔːrəsts/

possessive form of “forest” — the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading “Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.”

glade noun US /ɡleɪd/

a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area

From this reading “Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.”

musings noun US /ˈmjuːzɪŋz/

plural of “musing” — a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading “"As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."”

peerless adjective US /ˈpɪrlɪs/

eminent beyond or above comparison

From this reading “On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"”

russet noun US /ˈrʌsɪt/

a reddish brown homespun fabric

From this reading “His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.”

stainless noun US /ˈsteɪnləs/

steel containing chromium that makes it resistant to corrosion

From this reading “On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"”

tourneys noun US /ˈtuːrniz/

plural of “tourney” — a sporting competition in which contestants play a series of games to decide the winner

From this reading “"And how canst thou in tourneys shine, Or tread the glittering festal floor?”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

forest tree noun + noun

In this reading “"As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."”

bright eyes adjective + noun

In this reading “Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.”

All words in this reading · 118

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

ah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

amidstprepositionUS /əˈmɪdst/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "And how canst thou in tourneys shine, Or tread the glittering festal floor?

Areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

Arthur'snounUS /ˈɑːrθərz/

possessive form of “arthur” — elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

BeautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"

BeneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

breastnounUS /brest/

the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

Canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"

canstmodal verbUS /kænst/

an old form of “can”, used with “thou”

From this reading "And how canst thou in tourneys shine, Or tread the glittering festal floor?

chainsnounUS /tʃeɪnz/

metal shackles; for hands or legs

From this reading On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"

clothnounUS /klɔːθ/

artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers

From this reading On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"

confess'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

CourtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

curb'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

deedsnounUS /diːdz/

performance of moral or religious acts

From this reading On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"

Dimm'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

Elvar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

famenounUS /feɪm/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"

FaradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

festaladjective

offering fun and gaiety

From this reading "And how canst thou in tourneys shine, Or tread the glittering festal floor?

floornounUS /flɔːr/

the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading "And how canst thou in tourneys shine, Or tread the glittering festal floor?

flownounUS /floʊ/

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

forest'snounUS /ˈfɔːrəsts/

possessive form of “forest” — the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

Fountnoun

a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

fountain's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

freshnessnounUS /ˈfreʃnəs/

the property of being pure and fresh (as if newly made); not stale or deteriorated

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

frownverbUS /fraʊn/

look angry or sullen, wrinkle one's forehead, as if to signal disapproval

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

gall'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

gentleadjectiveUS /ˈdʒentəl/

soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

gladenounUS /ɡleɪd/

a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

glitteringadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɪtərɪŋ/

having brief brilliant points or flashes of light

From this reading "And how canst thou in tourneys shine, Or tread the glittering festal floor?

glownounUS /ɡloʊ/

an alert and refreshed state

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

HighadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

high-born

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "And how canst thou in tourneys shine, Or tread the glittering festal floor?

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "And how canst thou in tourneys shine, Or tread the glittering festal floor?

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

liftverbUS /lɪft/

raise from a lower to a higher position

From this reading On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"

lonelyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊnli/

lacking companions or companionship

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

looksnounUS /lʊks/

plural of “look” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"

LovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

MannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

minepronounUS /maɪn/

the one or ones belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

MothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

murmur'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

musingsnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪŋz/

plural of “musing” — a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

Ne'eradverbUS /ner/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

noon's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

NorconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"

oaknounUS /oʊk/

the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"

OrconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading "And how canst thou in tourneys shine, Or tread the glittering festal floor?

peerlessadjectiveUS /ˈpɪrlɪs/

eminent beyond or above comparison

From this reading On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"

pilenounUS /paɪl/

a collection of objects laid on top of each other

From this reading On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"

PooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

russetnounUS /ˈrʌsɪt/

a reddish brown homespun fabric

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

SangnounUS /sæŋ/

North American woodland herb similar to and used as substitute for the Chinese ginseng

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

shadenounUS /ʃeɪd/

relative darkness caused by light rays being intercepted by an opaque body

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

shineverbUS /ʃaɪn/

be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading "And how canst thou in tourneys shine, Or tread the glittering festal floor?

sighverbUS /saɪ/

heave or utter a sigh; breathe deeply and heavily

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

sigh'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

smileverbUS /smaɪl/

change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

sparklingadjectiveUS /ˈspɑːrklɪŋ/

shining with brilliant points of light like stars

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

stainlessnounUS /ˈsteɪnləs/

steel containing chromium that makes it resistant to corrosion

From this reading On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"

stillest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

suitverbUS /suːt/

be agreeable or acceptable to

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

sunlightnounUS /ˈsʌnlaɪt/

the rays of the sun

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

sunlight's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "And how canst thou in tourneys shine, Or tread the glittering festal floor?

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

thoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading "And how canst thou in tourneys shine, Or tread the glittering festal floor?

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading On chains of gold and cloth of pile, The looks of high-born Beauty smile; Nor peerless deeds, nor stainless line, Can lift to fame the Poor!"

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

tourneysnounUS /ˈtuːrniz/

plural of “tourney” — a sporting competition in which contestants play a series of games to decide the winner

From this reading "And how canst thou in tourneys shine, Or tread the glittering festal floor?

treadverbUS /tred/

put down or press the foot, place the foot

From this reading "And how canst thou in tourneys shine, Or tread the glittering festal floor?

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

Twas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "As sunlight to the forest tree"-- 'Twas thus his murmur'd musings ran-- "And as amidst the sunlight's glow, The freshness of the fountain's flow-- So--(ah, they never mine may be!)-- Are Gold and Love to Man."

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

vestverbUS /vest/

provide with power and authority

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

watch'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Far, to the forest's stillest shade, Sir Elvar took his lonely way; Beneath an oak, whose gentle frown Dimm'd noon's bright eyes, he laid him down And watch'd a Fount that through the glade, Sang, sparkling up to day.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading His Mother spoke; and Elvar sigh'd-- The sigh alone confess'd the truth; He curb'd the thoughts that gall'd the breast-- High thoughts ill suit the russet vest; Yet Arthur's Court, in all its pride, Ne'er saw so fair a youth.

Chapter 2 of The Poetical Works of Sir Edward Bulwer by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 13 sentences, grouped into 3 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of The Poetical Works of Sir Edward Bulwer contain?

Chapter 2 holds 13 sentences of The Poetical Works of Sir Edward Bulwer, unabridged, divided into 3 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of The Poetical Works of Sir Edward Bulwer by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 13 sentences, grouped into 3 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of The Poetical Works of Sir Edward Bulwer?

Work through the 3 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 3 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Is this the complete text of The Poetical Works of Sir Edward Bulwer?

Yes. All 6628 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34298 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #34298, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 552 minutes of reading across 1326 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Poetical Works of Sir Edward Bulwer

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Poetical Works of Sir Edward Bulwer, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Poetical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poetical Works of Sir Edward Bulwer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Works
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poetical Works of Sir Edward Bulwer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edward
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poetical Works of Sir Edward Bulwer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bulwer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poetical Works of Sir Edward Bulwer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.