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The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell
The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
NOTE TO PAGE 45.
_From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.
What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.
Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.
A gentleman in London had one of these birds for six years.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
NOTE TO PAGE 45.
Line 2
_From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.
Line 3
What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.
/wʌt ɪz sed ʌv ðə ˈnaɪtɪŋɡeɪl baɪ ɪts ˈɡreɪtəst ədˈmaɪrərz ɪz wʌt meɪ wɪð mɔːr prəˈpraɪəti əˈplaɪ tuː ðɪs bɜːrd huː ɪn ə ˈnætʃərəl steɪt sɪŋz wɪð ˈveri suːˈpɪriər teɪst/
Line 4
Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.
/təˈwɔːrdz ˈiːvnɪŋ aɪ hæv hɜːrd wʌn bɪˈɡɪn ˈsɔːftli rɪˈzɜːrvɪŋ ɪts breθ tuː swel ˈsɜːrtən noʊts wɪtʃ baɪ ðɪs miːnz hæd ə moʊst əˈstɑːnɪʃɪŋ ɪˈfekt/
Line 5
A gentleman in London had one of these birds for six years.
/ə ˈdʒentəlmən ɪn ˈlʌndən hæd wʌn ʌv ðiːz bɜːrdz fɔːr sɪks jɪrz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

admirers noun US /ədˈmaɪrərz/

plural of “admirer” — a person who backs a politician or a team etc.

From this reading “What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.”

astonishing adjective US /əˈstɑːnɪʃɪŋ/

surprising greatly

From this reading “Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.”

mixture noun US /ˈmɪkstʃər/

(chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding)

From this reading “_From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.”

nightingale noun US /ˈnaɪtɪŋɡeɪl/

European songbird noted for its melodious nocturnal song

From this reading “What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.”

propriety noun US /prəˈpraɪəti/

correct or appropriate behavior

From this reading “What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.”

reserving verb US /rɪˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

-ing form of “reserve” — hold back or set aside, especially for future use or contingency

From this reading “Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.”

sings verb US /sɪŋz/

third-person singular of “sing” — deliver by singing

From this reading “What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.”

thrush noun US /θrʌʃ/

candidiasis of the oral cavity; seen mostly in infants or debilitated adults

From this reading “_From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

six years noun + noun

In this reading “A gentleman in London had one of these birds for six years.”

most astonishing adverb + adjective

In this reading “Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.”

Towards evening preposition + noun

In this reading “Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.”

natural state adjective + noun

a wild primitive state untouched by civilization

In this reading “What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.”

for six preposition + noun

In this reading “A gentleman in London had one of these birds for six years.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

45

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NOTE TO PAGE 45.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

admirersnounUS /ədˈmaɪrərz/

plural of “admirer” — a person who backs a politician or a team etc.

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

applyverbUS /əˈplaɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

astonishingadjectiveUS /əˈstɑːnɪʃɪŋ/

surprising greatly

From this reading Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.

birdnounUS /bɜːrd/

warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

birdsnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading A gentleman in London had one of these birds for six years.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

breathnounUS /breθ/

the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing

From this reading Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.

coloursnounUS /ˈkʌlərz/

a distinguishing emblem

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A gentleman in London had one of these birds for six years.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading A gentleman in London had one of these birds for six years.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

greyadjectiveUS /ɡreɪ/

of an achromatic color of any lightness intermediate between the extremes of white and black

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading A gentleman in London had one of these birds for six years.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.

merryadjectiveUS /ˈmeri/

full of or showing high-spirited merriment

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

mixturenounUS /ˈmɪkstʃər/

(chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding)

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

mock-bird's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

mocking-bird

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

nightingalenounUS /ˈnaɪtɪŋɡeɪl/

European songbird noted for its melodious nocturnal song

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

NOTEnounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading NOTE TO PAGE 45.

notesnounUS /noʊts/

plural of “note” — a brief written record

From this reading Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.

PAGEnounUS /peɪdʒ/

one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading NOTE TO PAGE 45.

proprietynounUS /prəˈpraɪəti/

correct or appropriate behavior

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

reservingverbUS /rɪˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

-ing form of “reserve” — hold back or set aside, especially for future use or contingency

From this reading Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

singsverbUS /sɪŋz/

third-person singular of “sing” — deliver by singing

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading A gentleman in London had one of these birds for six years.

softlyadverbUS /ˈsɔːftli/

with low volume

From this reading Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.

songnounUS /sɔːŋ/

a short musical composition with words

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

superioradjectiveUS /suːˈpɪriər/

of high or superior quality or performance

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

swellverbUS /swel/

increase in size, magnitude, number, or intensity

From this reading Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.

tasteverbUS /teɪst/

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading A gentleman in London had one of these birds for six years.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

thrushnounUS /θrʌʃ/

candidiasis of the oral cavity; seen mostly in infants or debilitated adults

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading NOTE TO PAGE 45.

TowardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Towards evening I have heard one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which, by this means, had a most astonishing effect.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading _From merry mock-bird’s song._ “The mocking-bird is of the form, but larger than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading What is said of the nightingale by its greatest admirers, is what may with more propriety apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading A gentleman in London had one of these birds for six years.

Chapter 8 of The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell by Thomas Campbell holds 160 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell contain?

Chapter 8 holds 160 sentences of The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell by Thomas Campbell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 160 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell

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Project Gutenberg eBook #59788, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 218 minutes of reading across 524 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Memoir
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Explanatory
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Notes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rights
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.