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The Poor Gentleman
The Poor Gentleman

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of The Poor Gentleman is here in full — 206 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Poor Gentleman
Context Illustration Reading 1/41 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.
They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.
What a glorious fight it was of man against matter!
What a magnificent triumph it has been to convert the unthrifty Campine[A] into a fruitful and luxurious region!
Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Poor Gentleman

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of The Poor Gentleman is here in full — 206 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/41 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.
Line 2
They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.
Line 3
What a glorious fight it was of man against matter!
/wʌt ə ˈɡlɔːriəs faɪt ɪt wɑːz ʌv mæn əˈɡenst ˈmætər/
Line 4
What a magnificent triumph it has been to convert the unthrifty Campine[A] into a fruitful and luxurious region!
Line 5
Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arteries noun US /ˈɑːrtəriz/

plural of “artery” — a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body

From this reading “They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.”

enrich verb US /enˈrɪtʃ/

make better or improve in quality

From this reading “They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.”

fatten verb US /ˈfætən/

make fat or plump

From this reading “They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.”

highlands noun US /ˈhaɪləndz/

a mountainous region of northern Scotland famous for its rugged beauty; known for the style of dress (the kilt and tartan) and the clan system (now in disuse)

From this reading “They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.”

Meuse noun US /mjuːz/

a European river; flows into the North Sea

From this reading “They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.”

patriarchs noun US /ˈpeɪtriɑːrks/

plural of “patriarch” — title for the heads of the Eastern Orthodox Churches (in Istanbul and Alexandria and Moscow and Jerusalem)

From this reading “Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!”

sites noun US /saɪts/

plural of “site” — the piece of land on which something is located (or is to be located)

From this reading “Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!”

sterile adjective US /ˈsterəl/

incapable of reproducing

From this reading “They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading What a glorious fight it was of man against matter!

aidnounUS /eɪd/

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

arteriesnounUS /ˈɑːrtəriz/

plural of “artery” — a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

barrenadjectiveUS /ˈbærən/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

beholdverbUS /bɪˈhoʊld/

see with attention

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

burningnounUS /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of burning something

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

Campine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a magnificent triumph it has been to convert the unthrifty Campine[A] into a fruitful and luxurious region!

circulationnounUS /ˈsɜːrkjəleɪʃən/

the dissemination of copies of periodicals (as newspapers or magazines)

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

condemnedverbUS /kənˈdemd/

past form of “condemn” — express strong disapproval of

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

conflictnounUS /ˈkɑːnflɪkt/

an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

convertverbUS /ˈkɑːnvərt/

change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading What a magnificent triumph it has been to convert the unthrifty Campine[A] into a fruitful and luxurious region!

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

depthsnounUS /depθs/

(plural) the deepest and most remote part

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

descendantsnounUS /dɪˈsendənts/

all of the offspring of a given progenitor

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

descendedverbUS /dɪˈsendəd/

past form of “descend” — move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

divertedadjectiveUS /daɪˈvɜːrtɪd/

pleasantly occupied

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

drainedadjectiveUS /dreɪnd/

emptied or exhausted of (as by drawing off e.g. water or other liquid)

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

enrichverbUS /enˈrɪtʃ/

make better or improve in quality

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

fattenverbUS /ˈfætən/

make fat or plump

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading What a glorious fight it was of man against matter!

floweryadjectiveUS /ˈflaʊəri/

of or relating to or suggestive of flowers

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

fruitfuladjectiveUS /ˈfruːtfəl/

productive or conducive to producing in abundance

From this reading What a magnificent triumph it has been to convert the unthrifty Campine[A] into a fruitful and luxurious region!

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

gloriousadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɔːriəs/

having or deserving or conferring glory

From this reading What a glorious fight it was of man against matter!

grainnounUS /ɡreɪn/

a relatively small granular particle of a substance

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

grass-coveredadjective

covered with grass

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading What a magnificent triumph it has been to convert the unthrifty Campine[A] into a fruitful and luxurious region!

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

highlandsnounUS /ˈhaɪləndz/

a mountainous region of northern Scotland famous for its rugged beauty; known for the style of dress (the kilt and tartan) and the clan system (now in disuse)

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

IndeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

industrynounUS /ˈɪndəstri/

the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

innumerableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnuːmərəbəl/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading What a magnificent triumph it has been to convert the unthrifty Campine[A] into a fruitful and luxurious region!

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading What a glorious fight it was of man against matter!

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

lingeringnounUS /ˈlɪŋɡərɪŋ/

the act of tarrying

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

luxuriousadjectiveUS /ləɡˈʒɜːriəs/

displaying luxury and furnishing gratification to the senses

From this reading What a magnificent triumph it has been to convert the unthrifty Campine[A] into a fruitful and luxurious region!

magnificentadjectiveUS /mæɡˈnɪfəsənt/

characterized by grandeur

From this reading What a magnificent triumph it has been to convert the unthrifty Campine[A] into a fruitful and luxurious region!

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading What a glorious fight it was of man against matter!

marshesnounUS /ˈmɑːrʃəz/

plural of “marsh” — low-lying wet land with grassy vegetation; usually is a transition zone between land and water

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading What a glorious fight it was of man against matter!

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

meadowsnounUS /ˈmedoʊz/

plural of “meadow” — a field where grass or alfalfa are grown to be made into hay

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

MeusenounUS /mjuːz/

a European river; flows into the North Sea

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

moorsnounUS /mʊrz/

plural of “moor” — one of the Muslim people of north Africa; of mixed Arab and Berber descent; converted to Islam in the 8th century; conqueror of Spain in the 8th century

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

patriarchsnounUS /ˈpeɪtriɑːrks/

plural of “patriarch” — title for the heads of the Eastern Orthodox Churches (in Istanbul and Alexandria and Moscow and Jerusalem)

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

peasantrynounUS /ˈpezəntri/

the class of peasants

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

plainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

regionnounUS /ˈriːdʒən/

the extended spatial location of something

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

sand-pits

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

sitesnounUS /saɪts/

plural of “site” — the piece of land on which something is located (or is to be located)

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

sterileadjectiveUS /ˈsterəl/

incapable of reproducing

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

stirredadjectiveUS /stɜːrd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

streamlets

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

summonedverbUS /ˈsʌmənd/

past form of “summon” — call in an official matter, such as to attend court

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

sweatnounUS /swet/

salty fluid secreted by sweat glands

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

thornyadjectiveUS /ˈθɔːrni/

bristling with perplexities

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

toilsomeadjective

characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

triumphnounUS /ˈtraɪəmf/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading What a magnificent triumph it has been to convert the unthrifty Campine[A] into a fruitful and luxurious region!

unthrifty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a magnificent triumph it has been to convert the unthrifty Campine[A] into a fruitful and luxurious region!

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

victoriousadjectiveUS /vɪkˈtɔːriəs/

having won

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading What a glorious fight it was of man against matter!

wateredadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːtərd/

(of silk fabric) having a wavelike pattern

From this reading They have stirred up the sterile depths and watered them with their sweat; they have summoned science and industry to their aid, drained marshes, diverted the streamlets that descended toward the Meuse from the highlands and put them in circulation through innumerable arteries to fatten and enrich the land.

wavingnounUS /ˈweɪvɪŋ/

the act of signaling by a movement of the hand

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What a glorious fight it was of man against matter!

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Indeed, our descendants will hardly believe their own eyes when in future times they shall behold grass-covered plains, flowery meadows, and fields waving with grain, where the lingering patriarchs of our day may point out the sites of burning sand-pits and barren moors!

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In our wild and thorny region of the North a brave and toilsome peasantry have long been engaged in victorious conflict with the barren sleep to which nature seemed to have condemned the soil.

Chapter 2 of The Poor Gentleman by Hendrik Conscience holds 206 sentences, grouped into 42 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of The Poor Gentleman contain?

Chapter 2 holds 206 sentences of The Poor Gentleman, unabridged, divided into 42 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of The Poor Gentleman by Hendrik Conscience exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 206 sentences, grouped into 42 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of The Poor Gentleman?

Work through the 42 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 42 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Poor Gentleman

Common questions about reading The Poor Gentleman by Hendrik Conscience on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Poor Gentleman?

Yes. All 1638 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13576 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Poor Gentleman is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13576, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Poor Gentleman take to read?

About 136 minutes of reading across 328 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Poor Gentleman section by section

How to work through The Poor Gentleman section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of The Poor Gentleman to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Poor Gentleman

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Poor Gentleman, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Might
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poor Gentleman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rolling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poor Gentleman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Along
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poor Gentleman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Three
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poor Gentleman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.