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The Poor Plutocrats
The Poor Plutocrats

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of The Poor Plutocrats is here in full — 367 sentences across 74 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/73 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.
The science was an inheritance descending from father to son, people married and were born into it.
Careful parents trained their children to follow it, and a very lucrative profession it proved to be.
That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.
Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Poor Plutocrats

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of The Poor Plutocrats is here in full — 367 sentences across 74 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/73 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.
Line 2
The science was an inheritance descending from father to son, people married and were born into it.
/ðə ˈsaɪəns wɑːz æn ˌɪnˈherətəns dɪˈsendɪŋ frʌm ˈfɑːðər tuː sʌn ˈpiːpəl ˈmerid ənd wɜːr bɔːrn ˈɪntuː ɪt/
Line 3
Careful parents trained their children to follow it, and a very lucrative profession it proved to be.
/ˈkerfəl ˈperənts treɪnd ðer ˈtʃɪldrən tuː ˈfɑːloʊ ɪt ənd ə ˈveri ˈluːkrətɪv prəˈfeʃən ɪt pruːvd tuː biː/
Line 4
That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.
Line 5
Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

baser adjective US /ˈbeɪsər/

comparative of “base” — serving as or forming a base

From this reading “Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.”

carat noun US /ˈkerət/

a unit of weight for precious stones = 200 mg

From this reading “Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.”

coined verb US /kɔɪnd/

past form of “coin” — make up

From this reading “That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.”

lucrative adjective US /ˈluːkrətɪv/

producing a sizeable profit

From this reading “Careful parents trained their children to follow it, and a very lucrative profession it proved to be.”

minting verb US /ˈmɪntɪŋ/

-ing form of “mint” — form by stamping, punching, or printing

From this reading “Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.”

nefarious adjective US /nəˈferiəs/

extremely wicked

From this reading “THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.”

Transylvania noun US /ˌtrænzilˈveɪniə/

a historical plateau region in northwestern Romania that is separated from the rest of the country by the Transylvanian Alps; originally part of Hungary; incorporated into Romania at the end of World War I

From this reading “THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.”

undetected adjective US /ˌʌndɪˈtektɪd/

not perceived or discerned

From this reading “THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

absolutelyadverbUS /ˌæbsəˈluːtli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

admixturenoun

the state of impairing the quality or reducing the value of something

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The science was an inheritance descending from father to son, people married and were born into it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The science was an inheritance descending from father to son, people married and were born into it.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

authoritiesnounUS /əˈθɔːrətiz/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

authorizedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːθəraɪzd/

endowed with authority

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

baseradjectiveUS /ˈbeɪsər/

comparative of “base” — serving as or forming a base

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Careful parents trained their children to follow it, and a very lucrative profession it proved to be.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading The science was an inheritance descending from father to son, people married and were born into it.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

capableadjectiveUS /ˈkeɪpəbəl/

(usually followed by “of”) having capacity or ability

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

caratnounUS /ˈkerət/

a unit of weight for precious stones = 200 mg

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

CarefuladjectiveUS /ˈkerfəl/

exercising caution or showing care or attention

From this reading Careful parents trained their children to follow it, and a very lucrative profession it proved to be.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

CAVERNnounUS /ˈkæv.ərn/

A large, vast underground cave, often filled with forgotten ancient treasures.

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading Careful parents trained their children to follow it, and a very lucrative profession it proved to be.

coinedverbUS /kɔɪnd/

past form of “coin” — make up

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

coiners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

descendingadjectiveUS /dɪˈsendɪŋ/

coming down or downward

From this reading The science was an inheritance descending from father to son, people married and were born into it.

distinguishedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

(used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

ducats

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

explanationnounUS /ˌekspləˈneɪʃən/

a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading The science was an inheritance descending from father to son, people married and were born into it.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Careful parents trained their children to follow it, and a very lucrative profession it proved to be.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The science was an inheritance descending from father to son, people married and were born into it.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

genuineadjectiveUS /ˈdʒenjəwən/

not fake or counterfeit

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

Gyulafehervar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

inheritancenounUS /ˌɪnˈherətəns/

hereditary succession to a title or an office or property

From this reading The science was an inheritance descending from father to son, people married and were born into it.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The science was an inheritance descending from father to son, people married and were born into it.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

Koermoecz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

lucrativeadjectiveUS /ˈluːkrətɪv/

producing a sizeable profit

From this reading Careful parents trained their children to follow it, and a very lucrative profession it proved to be.

LUCSIA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading The science was an inheritance descending from father to son, people married and were born into it.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

metalnounUS /ˈmetəl/

any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

mintingverbUS /ˈmɪntɪŋ/

-ing form of “mint” — form by stamping, punching, or printing

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

nefariousadjectiveUS /nəˈferiəs/

extremely wicked

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

nosesnounUS /ˈnoʊzɪz/

plural of “nose” — the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

notoriousadjectiveUS /noʊˈtɔːriəs/

known widely and usually unfavorably

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

parentsnounUS /ˈperənts/

plural of “parent” — a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading Careful parents trained their children to follow it, and a very lucrative profession it proved to be.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The science was an inheritance descending from father to son, people married and were born into it.

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

pliedverbUS /plaɪd/

inflected form of “ply” — give what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

professionnounUS /prəˈfeʃən/

the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading Careful parents trained their children to follow it, and a very lucrative profession it proved to be.

provedadjectiveUS /pruːvd/

established beyond doubt

From this reading Careful parents trained their children to follow it, and a very lucrative profession it proved to be.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading The science was an inheritance descending from father to son, people married and were born into it.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading The science was an inheritance descending from father to son, people married and were born into it.

successfullyadverbUS /səkˈsesfəli/

with success; in a successful manner

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Careful parents trained their children to follow it, and a very lucrative profession it proved to be.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

three-and-twenty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The science was an inheritance descending from father to son, people married and were born into it.

townsnounUS /taʊnz/

plural of “town” — an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

trainedadjectiveUS /treɪnd/

shaped or conditioned or disciplined by training; often used as a combining form

From this reading Careful parents trained their children to follow it, and a very lucrative profession it proved to be.

TransylvanianounUS /ˌtrænzilˈveɪniə/

a historical plateau region in northwestern Romania that is separated from the rest of the country by the Transylvanian Alps; originally part of Hungary; incorporated into Romania at the end of World War I

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

undetectedadjectiveUS /ˌʌndɪˈtektɪd/

not perceived or discerned

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

undiscoveredadjectiveUS /ˌʌndɪˈskʌvərd/

not discovered

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

weightnounUS /weɪt/

the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The science was an inheritance descending from father to son, people married and were born into it.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

wide-spreading

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE CAVERN OF LUCSIA Not so very long ago there was in Transylvania a wide-spreading society of coiners which, it is now notorious, had carried on its nefarious business undetected for more than half a century.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading That it should have remained undiscovered for so long a time, that it should have been plied successfully for more than fifty years under the very noses of the authorities--all this was capable of a very simple explanation, _these men coined gold pieces_.

YesnounUS /jes/

an affirmative

From this reading Yes, genuine ducats, of full weight, out of real three-and-twenty carat gold, without any admixture of baser metal, so that they absolutely could not be distinguished from the royal ducats of the authorized minting towns, Koermoecz and Gyulafehervar.

Chapter 6 of The Poor Plutocrats by Mór Jókai holds 367 sentences, grouped into 74 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of The Poor Plutocrats contain?

Chapter 6 holds 367 sentences of The Poor Plutocrats, unabridged, divided into 74 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of The Poor Plutocrats by Mór Jókai exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 367 sentences, grouped into 74 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of The Poor Plutocrats?

Work through the 74 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 74 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Poor Plutocrats

Common questions about reading The Poor Plutocrats by Mór Jókai on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Poor Plutocrats?

Yes. All 5138 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18705 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Poor Plutocrats is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18705, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Poor Plutocrats take to read?

About 428 minutes of reading across 1028 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Poor Plutocrats section by section

How to work through The Poor Plutocrats section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Poor Plutocrats

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Poor Plutocrats, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Lapussa
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poor Plutocrats; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Always
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poor Plutocrats; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Liked
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poor Plutocrats; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Under
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poor Plutocrats; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.