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The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of
The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of is here in full — 460 sentences across 92 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE POOR SCHOLAR.
One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.
The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.
The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.
This day, however, was so unusually severe, that the old man began to feel incapable of continuing his toil.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of is here in full — 460 sentences across 92 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/92 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE POOR SCHOLAR.
/ðə puːr ˈskɒl.ər/
Line 2
One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.
Line 3
The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.
Line 4
The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.
Line 5
This day, however, was so unusually severe, that the old man began to feel incapable of continuing his toil.
/ðɪs deɪ ˌhaʊˈevər wɑːz soʊ əˈnjuːʒuːəli səˈvɪr ðæt ðə oʊld mæn bɪˈɡæn tuː fiːl ˌɪnˈkeɪpəbəl ʌv kənˈtɪnjuːɪŋ hɪz tɔɪl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cultivation noun US /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/

socialization through training and education to develop one's mind or manners

From this reading “The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.”

Dominick noun US /ˈdɑːmənɪk/

American breed of chicken having barred grey plumage raised for meat and brown eggs

From this reading “One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.”

Esker noun US /ˈeskər/

(geology) a long winding ridge of post glacial gravel and other sediment; deposited by meltwater from glaciers or ice sheets

From this reading “One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.”

exert verb US /ɪɡˈzɜːrt/

put to use

From this reading “The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.”

pelted verb US /ˈpeltɪd/

past form of “pelt” — cast, hurl, or throw repeatedly with some missile

From this reading “The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.”

pitiless adjective US /ˈpɪtiləs/

without mercy or pity

From this reading “The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.”

thinly adverb US /ˈθɪnli/

without force or sincere effort

From this reading “The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.”

wintry adjective US /ˈwɪntri/

characteristic of or occurring in winter

From this reading “The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

18

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

advancedadjectiveUS /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

barrenadjectiveUS /ˈbærən/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading This day, however, was so unusually severe, that the old man began to feel incapable of continuing his toil.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

blastverbUS /blæst/

make a strident sound

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

boreverbUS /bɔːr/

cause to be bored

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

cladadjectiveUS /klæd/

wearing or provided with clothing; sometimes used in combination

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

continuingadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːɪŋ/

remaining in force or being carried on without letup

From this reading This day, however, was so unusually severe, that the old man began to feel incapable of continuing his toil.

cultivationnounUS /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/

socialization through training and education to develop one's mind or manners

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

despiteprepositionUS /dɪˈspaɪt/

although something is true; in spite of

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

Dhu

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

diggingnounUS /ˈdɪɡɪŋ/

the act of digging

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

DominicknounUS /ˈdɑːmənɪk/

American breed of chicken having barred grey plumage raised for meat and brown eggs

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

EskernounUS /ˈeskər/

(geology) a long winding ridge of post glacial gravel and other sediment; deposited by meltwater from glaciers or ice sheets

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

exertverbUS /ɪɡˈzɜːrt/

put to use

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

farmverbUS /fɑːrm/

be a farmer; work as a farmer

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading This day, however, was so unusually severe, that the old man began to feel incapable of continuing his toil.

garmentsnounUS /ˈɡɑːrmənts/

plural of “garment” — an article of clothing

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading This day, however, was so unusually severe, that the old man began to feel incapable of continuing his toil.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

incapableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkeɪpəbəl/

(followed by “of”) lacking capacity or ability

From this reading This day, however, was so unusually severe, that the old man began to feel incapable of continuing his toil.

inclemencynoun

weather unsuitable for outdoor activities

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

Jemmynoun

a short crowbar

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

keenadjectiveUS /kiːn/

having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

M'Evoy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading This day, however, was so unusually severe, that the old man began to feel incapable of continuing his toil.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

miserableadjectiveUS /ˈmɪzərəbəl/

very unhappy; full of misery

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

obduracynoun

resoluteness by virtue of being unyielding and inflexible

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading This day, however, was so unusually severe, that the old man began to feel incapable of continuing his toil.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

peltedverbUS /ˈpeltɪd/

past form of “pelt” — cast, hurl, or throw repeatedly with some missile

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

pitilessadjectiveUS /ˈpɪtiləs/

without mercy or pity

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

POORadjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading THE POOR SCHOLAR.

potatoesnounUS /pəˈteɪtoʊz/

plural of “potato” — an edible tuber native to South America; a staple food of Ireland

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

rack-rent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

SCHOLARnounUS /ˈskɒl.ər/

A specialist in a particular branch of study; a distinguished student.

From this reading THE POOR SCHOLAR.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading This day, however, was so unusually severe, that the old man began to feel incapable of continuing his toil.

severitynounUS /sɪˈverɪti/

used of the degree of something undesirable e.g. pain or weather

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

sleet-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading This day, however, was so unusually severe, that the old man began to feel incapable of continuing his toil.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

sweptadjectiveUS /swept/

possessing sweep

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading This day, however, was so unusually severe, that the old man began to feel incapable of continuing his toil.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE POOR SCHOLAR.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

thinlyadverbUS /ˈθɪnli/

without force or sincere effort

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This day, however, was so unusually severe, that the old man began to feel incapable of continuing his toil.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

toilverbUS /tɔɪl/

work hard

From this reading This day, however, was so unusually severe, that the old man began to feel incapable of continuing his toil.

unusuallyadverbUS /əˈnjuːʒuːəli/

to a remarkable degree or extent

From this reading This day, however, was so unusually severe, that the old man began to feel incapable of continuing his toil.

violencenounUS /ˈvaɪələns/

an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists)

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

wastenounUS /weɪst/

any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading The father had advanced into more than middle age; and having held, at a rack-rent the miserable waste of farm which he occupied, he was compelled to exert himself in its cultivation, despite either obduracy of soil, or inclemency of weather.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

wintryadjectiveUS /ˈwɪntri/

characteristic of or occurring in winter

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The day was bitter and wintry, the men were thinly clad, and as the keen blast swept across the hill with considerable violence, the sleet-like rain which it bore along pelted into their garments with pitiless severity.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading One day about the middle of November, in the year 18--, Dominick M'Evoy and his son Jemmy were digging potatoes on the side of a hard, barren hill, called Esker Dhu.

Chapter 1 of The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of by William Carleton holds 460 sentences, grouped into 92 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of contain?

Chapter 1 holds 460 sentences of The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of, unabridged, divided into 92 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of by William Carleton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 460 sentences, grouped into 92 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of?

Work through the 92 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 92 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of

Common questions about reading The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of by William Carleton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of?

Yes. All 2314 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16017 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16017, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of take to read?

About 192 minutes of reading across 463 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Scholar
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Middle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
November
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dominick
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Poor Scholar Traits And Stories Of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.