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The Portion of Labor
The Portion of Labor

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Portion of Labor is here in full — 198 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The closing of Lloyd's marked, in some inscrutable way, the close of the first period of Ellen Brewster's childhood.
Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.
Yet it was difficult to tell why it was so, for after the first the child could, it seemed, have realized no difference in her life.
Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.
But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Portion of Labor

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Portion of Labor is here in full — 198 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The closing of Lloyd's marked, in some inscrutable way, the close of the first period of Ellen Brewster's childhood.
Line 2
Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.
/ˈlʊkɪŋ bæk ɪn ˈleɪtər jɪrz ʃiː ˈɔːlweɪz felt hɜːr ˌretrəˈspektɪv θɔːt straɪk ə ˈbæriər ðer bɪˈɑːnd wɪtʃ hɜːr ˈɪmədʒəz ʌv ðə pæst wɜːr kənˈfjuːzd/
Line 3
Yet it was difficult to tell why it was so, for after the first the child could, it seemed, have realized no difference in her life.
/jet ɪt wɑːz ˈdɪfəkəlt tuː tel waɪ ɪt wɑːz soʊ fɔːr ˈæftər ðə fɜːrst ðə tʃaɪld kʊd ɪt siːmd hæv ˈriːəlaɪzd noʊ ˈdɪfərəns ɪn hɜːr laɪf/
Line 4
Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.
/naʊ ənd ðen ʃiː hɜːrd sʌm ʌv ðæt ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən ˈkerəktəraɪzd æt wʌns baɪ ðə ˈkɑːnfədəns ʌv rɔːŋ ənd ˌɪnˈdʒʌstɪs ənd ðə ˈlɑːdʒɪkəl daʊt ʌv ɪt baɪ ˈsɑːləd ˈriːzənɪŋ wɪtʃ ɪf ˈfɑːloʊd fɑːr ɪˈnʌf rɪˈfjuːtɪd ˌɪtˈself baɪ kiːn ənd ˌʌˈnænsərəbəl ˈɑːrɡjəmənt ənd ðə ˈwaɪldɪst ənd moʊst ˈfjuːtəl ɪnˈθuːziæzəm/
Line 5
But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.
/bʌt ʃiː hæd ɡeɪnd ˈnʌθɪŋ ɪkˈsept ðə kənˈvɪkʃən ʌv ðə ɡreɪt rɔːŋz ʌv ðə puːr ʌv ðɪs ɜːrθ ənd ðə ˈɑːfəl ˈtɪrəni ʌv ðə rɪtʃ ʌv ðə ˌevərˈlæstɪŋ ˈmoʊnɪŋ ʌv ˈlæzərəs æt ðə ɡeɪts ənd ðə kraɪ fɔːr ˈwɔːtər ˈleɪtər ɑːn frʌm ðə depθs ʌv ðə rɪtʃ mænz hel/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

characterized verb US /ˈkerəktəraɪzd/

past form of “characterize” — describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of

From this reading “Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.”

inscrutable adjective US /ˌɪnˈskruːtəbəl/

of an obscure nature

From this reading “The closing of Lloyd's marked, in some inscrutable way, the close of the first period of Ellen Brewster's childhood.”

Lazarus noun US /ˈlæzərəs/

the person who Jesus raised from the dead after four days in the tomb; this miracle caused the enemies of Jesus to begin the plan to put him to death

From this reading “But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.”

Lloyd's noun US /lɔɪdz/

possessive form of “lloyd” — United States comic actor in silent films; he used physical danger as a source of comedy (1893-1971)

From this reading “The closing of Lloyd's marked, in some inscrutable way, the close of the first period of Ellen Brewster's childhood.”

refuted verb US /rɪˈfjuːtɪd/

past form of “refute” — overthrow by argument, evidence, or proof

From this reading “Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.”

retrospective noun US /ˌretrəˈspektɪv/

an exhibition of a representative selection of an artist's life work

From this reading “Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.”

unanswerable adjective US /ˌʌˈnænsərəbəl/

impossible to answer

From this reading “Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.”

wildest adjective US /ˈwaɪldɪst/

superlative of “wild” — marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading “Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Yet it was difficult to tell why it was so, for after the first the child could, it seemed, have realized no difference in her life.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

argumentnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

awfuladjectiveUS /ˈɑːfəl/

exceptionally bad or displeasing

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.

barriernounUS /ˈbæriər/

a structure or object that impedes free movement

From this reading Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.

Brewster's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The closing of Lloyd's marked, in some inscrutable way, the close of the first period of Ellen Brewster's childhood.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

characterizedverbUS /ˈkerəktəraɪzd/

past form of “characterize” — describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading Yet it was difficult to tell why it was so, for after the first the child could, it seemed, have realized no difference in her life.

childhoodnounUS /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/

the time of person's life when they are a child

From this reading The closing of Lloyd's marked, in some inscrutable way, the close of the first period of Ellen Brewster's childhood.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading The closing of Lloyd's marked, in some inscrutable way, the close of the first period of Ellen Brewster's childhood.

closingnounUS /ˈkloʊzɪŋ/

the act of closing something

From this reading The closing of Lloyd's marked, in some inscrutable way, the close of the first period of Ellen Brewster's childhood.

confidencenounUS /ˈkɑːnfədəns/

freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

confusedadjectiveUS /kənˈfjuːzd/

perplexed by many conflicting situations or statements; filled with bewilderment

From this reading Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.

conversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

convictionnounUS /kənˈvɪkʃən/

an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Yet it was difficult to tell why it was so, for after the first the child could, it seemed, have realized no difference in her life.

cryverbUS /kraɪ/

utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

depthsnounUS /depθs/

(plural) the deepest and most remote part

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

differencenounUS /ˈdɪfərəns/

the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading Yet it was difficult to tell why it was so, for after the first the child could, it seemed, have realized no difference in her life.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Yet it was difficult to tell why it was so, for after the first the child could, it seemed, have realized no difference in her life.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

Ellen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The closing of Lloyd's marked, in some inscrutable way, the close of the first period of Ellen Brewster's childhood.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

enthusiasmnounUS /ɪnˈθuːziæzəm/

a feeling of excitement

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

everlastingadjectiveUS /ˌevərˈlæstɪŋ/

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The closing of Lloyd's marked, in some inscrutable way, the close of the first period of Ellen Brewster's childhood.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Yet it was difficult to tell why it was so, for after the first the child could, it seemed, have realized no difference in her life.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

futileadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtəl/

producing no result or effect

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Yet it was difficult to tell why it was so, for after the first the child could, it seemed, have realized no difference in her life.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

hellnounUS /hel/

any place of pain and turmoil

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

imagesnounUS /ˈɪmədʒəz/

plural of “image” — an iconic mental representation

From this reading Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The closing of Lloyd's marked, in some inscrutable way, the close of the first period of Ellen Brewster's childhood.

injusticenounUS /ˌɪnˈdʒʌstɪs/

an unjust act

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

inscrutableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈskruːtəbəl/

of an obscure nature

From this reading The closing of Lloyd's marked, in some inscrutable way, the close of the first period of Ellen Brewster's childhood.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Yet it was difficult to tell why it was so, for after the first the child could, it seemed, have realized no difference in her life.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

keenadjectiveUS /kiːn/

having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.

LazarusnounUS /ˈlæzərəs/

the person who Jesus raised from the dead after four days in the tomb; this miracle caused the enemies of Jesus to begin the plan to put him to death

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Yet it was difficult to tell why it was so, for after the first the child could, it seemed, have realized no difference in her life.

Lloyd'snounUS /lɔɪdz/

possessive form of “lloyd” — United States comic actor in silent films; he used physical danger as a source of comedy (1893-1971)

From this reading The closing of Lloyd's marked, in some inscrutable way, the close of the first period of Ellen Brewster's childhood.

logicaladjectiveUS /ˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

capable of or reflecting the capability for correct and valid reasoning

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

LookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading The closing of Lloyd's marked, in some inscrutable way, the close of the first period of Ellen Brewster's childhood.

moaningverbUS /ˈmoʊnɪŋ/

-ing form of “moan” — indicate pain, discomfort, or displeasure

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Yet it was difficult to tell why it was so, for after the first the child could, it seemed, have realized no difference in her life.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The closing of Lloyd's marked, in some inscrutable way, the close of the first period of Ellen Brewster's childhood.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading The closing of Lloyd's marked, in some inscrutable way, the close of the first period of Ellen Brewster's childhood.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

realizedadjectiveUS /ˈriːəlaɪzd/

successfully completed or brought to an end

From this reading Yet it was difficult to tell why it was so, for after the first the child could, it seemed, have realized no difference in her life.

reasoningnounUS /ˈriːzənɪŋ/

thinking that is coherent and logical

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

refutedverbUS /rɪˈfjuːtɪd/

past form of “refute” — overthrow by argument, evidence, or proof

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

retrospectivenounUS /ˌretrəˈspektɪv/

an exhibition of a representative selection of an artist's life work

From this reading Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Yet it was difficult to tell why it was so, for after the first the child could, it seemed, have realized no difference in her life.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Yet it was difficult to tell why it was so, for after the first the child could, it seemed, have realized no difference in her life.

solidadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləd/

characterized by good substantial quality

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The closing of Lloyd's marked, in some inscrutable way, the close of the first period of Ellen Brewster's childhood.

strikeverbUS /straɪk/

deliver a sharp blow, as with the hand, fist, or weapon

From this reading Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading Yet it was difficult to tell why it was so, for after the first the child could, it seemed, have realized no difference in her life.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The closing of Lloyd's marked, in some inscrutable way, the close of the first period of Ellen Brewster's childhood.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Yet it was difficult to tell why it was so, for after the first the child could, it seemed, have realized no difference in her life.

tyrannynounUS /ˈtɪrəni/

a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

unanswerableadjectiveUS /ˌʌˈnænsərəbəl/

impossible to answer

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Yet it was difficult to tell why it was so, for after the first the child could, it seemed, have realized no difference in her life.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The closing of Lloyd's marked, in some inscrutable way, the close of the first period of Ellen Brewster's childhood.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Yet it was difficult to tell why it was so, for after the first the child could, it seemed, have realized no difference in her life.

wildestadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪldɪst/

superlative of “wild” — marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

wrongadjectiveUS /rɔːŋ/

not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth

From this reading Now and then she heard some of that conversation characterized at once by the confidence of wrong and injustice, and the logical doubt of it, by solid reasoning which, if followed far enough, refuted itself, by keen and unanswerable argument, and the wildest and most futile enthusiasm.

wrongsnounUS /rɔːŋz/

plural of “wrong” — that which is contrary to the principles of justice or law

From this reading But she had gained nothing except the conviction of the great wrongs of the poor of this earth and the awful tyranny of the rich, of the everlasting moaning of Lazarus at the gates and the cry for water later on from the depths of the rich man's hell.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Looking back in later years, she always felt her retrospective thought strike a barrier there, beyond which her images of the past were confused.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet it was difficult to tell why it was so, for after the first the child could, it seemed, have realized no difference in her life.

Chapter 7 of The Portion of Labor by Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman holds 198 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The Portion of Labor contain?

Chapter 7 holds 198 sentences of The Portion of Labor, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The Portion of Labor by Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 198 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The Portion of Labor?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Portion of Labor

Common questions about reading The Portion of Labor by Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Portion of Labor?

Yes. All 9828 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18011 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Portion of Labor is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18011, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Portion of Labor take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1966 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Portion of Labor section by section

How to work through The Portion of Labor section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Portion of Labor to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Portion of Labor

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Portion of Labor, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Greatest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Portion of Labor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Complexity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Portion of Labor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Portion of Labor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Attends
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Portion of Labor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.