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The Portion of Labor
The Portion of Labor

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Portion of Labor is here in full — 406 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Portion of Labor
Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The next spring Ellen went to school.
When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.
Ellen extended hers, though involuntarily, for there was no conscious thirst for power in her.
On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.
She knew one little girl who sat not far from her.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Portion of Labor

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Portion of Labor is here in full — 406 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The next spring Ellen went to school.
Line 2
When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.
/wen ə tʃaɪld huː hæz reɪnd ɪn ˌʌndɪsˈpjuːtɪd ˈsɑːvrənti æt hoʊm ɪz θrʌst əˈmʌŋ ˈʌðər ˈtʃɪldrən æt skuːl wʌn ʌv tuː θɪŋz ˈhæpənz ˈiːðər ʃiː ɪz skɔːrnd ənd rɪˈbeld əˈɡenst ənd hɜːr ˈlɪtəl kraʊn ʌv ˌsuːpɪriˈɔːrɪti roʊld ɪn ðə dʌst ʌv ðə ˈkɑːmən ˈpleɪɡraʊnd ɔːr ʃiː ɪkˈstendz ðə ˈterətɔːriz ʌv hɜːr ˈempaɪər/
Line 3
Ellen extended hers, though involuntarily, for there was no conscious thirst for power in her.
Line 4
On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.
/ɑːn hɜːr fɜːrst ˈmɔːrnɪŋ æt skuːl ʃiː ˈsiːtɪd hərˈself æt hɜːr desk ənd lʊkt fɔːrθ frʌm ðə ˈɡoʊldən klaʊd ʌv hɜːr kɜːrlz hɜːr aɪz fʊl ʌv ˈɪnəsənt ˌkɑːntəmˈpleɪʃən hɜːr maʊθ ˈkɔːrnərz ˈɡreɪvli ˈdruːpɪŋ/
Line 5
She knew one little girl who sat not far from her.
/ʃiː nuː wʌn ˈlɪtəl ɡɜːrl huː sæt nɑːt fɑːr frʌm hɜːr/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

extends verb US /ɪkˈstendz/

third-person singular of “extend” — extend in scope or range or area

From this reading “When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.”

playground noun US /ˈpleɪɡraʊnd/

an area where many people go for recreation

From this reading “When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.”

rebelled verb US /rɪˈbeld/

inflected form of “rebel” — take part in a rebellion; renounce a former allegiance

From this reading “When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.”

reigned verb US /reɪnd/

past form of “reign” — have sovereign power

From this reading “When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.”

scorned adjective US /skɔːrnd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading “When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.”

sovereignty noun US /ˈsɑːvrənti/

government free from external control

From this reading “When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.”

territories noun US /ˈterətɔːriz/

plural of “territory” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading “When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.”

undisputed adjective US /ˌʌndɪsˈpjuːtɪd/

generally agreed upon; not subject to dispute

From this reading “When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.”

All words in this reading · 82

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

cloudverbUS /klaʊd/

make overcast or cloudy

From this reading On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

consciousadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnʃəs/

intentionally conceived

From this reading Ellen extended hers, though involuntarily, for there was no conscious thirst for power in her.

contemplationnounUS /ˌkɑːntəmˈpleɪʃən/

a long and thoughtful observation

From this reading On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.

cornersnounUS /ˈkɔːrnərz/

plural of “corner” — a place off to the side of an area

From this reading On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.

crownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

curlsnounUS /kɜːrlz/

plural of “curl” — a round shape formed by a series of concentric circles (as formed by leaves or flower petals)

From this reading On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.

desknounUS /desk/

a piece of furniture with a writing surface and usually drawers or other compartments

From this reading On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.

droopingadjectiveUS /ˈdruːpɪŋ/

weak from exhaustion

From this reading On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.

dustverbUS /dʌst/

remove the dust from

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

Ellen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next spring Ellen went to school.

empirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

extendedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstendəd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading Ellen extended hers, though involuntarily, for there was no conscious thirst for power in her.

extendsverbUS /ɪkˈstendz/

third-person singular of “extend” — extend in scope or range or area

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading She knew one little girl who sat not far from her.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Ellen extended hers, though involuntarily, for there was no conscious thirst for power in her.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading She knew one little girl who sat not far from her.

goldenadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊldən/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.

gravelyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪvli/

in a grave and sober manner

From this reading On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.

happensverbUS /ˈhæpənz/

third-person singular of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

herspronounUS /hərz/

the one or ones belonging to her

From this reading Ellen extended hers, though involuntarily, for there was no conscious thirst for power in her.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

innocentadjectiveUS /ˈɪnəsənt/

free from evil or guilt

From this reading On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.

involuntarilyadverbUS /ˌɪnvoʊˈlʌntərɪli/

against your will

From this reading Ellen extended hers, though involuntarily, for there was no conscious thirst for power in her.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading She knew one little girl who sat not far from her.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.

mouthnounUS /maʊθ/

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next spring Ellen went to school.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Ellen extended hers, though involuntarily, for there was no conscious thirst for power in her.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading She knew one little girl who sat not far from her.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

playgroundnounUS /ˈpleɪɡraʊnd/

an area where many people go for recreation

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading Ellen extended hers, though involuntarily, for there was no conscious thirst for power in her.

rebelledverbUS /rɪˈbeld/

inflected form of “rebel” — take part in a rebellion; renounce a former allegiance

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

reignedverbUS /reɪnd/

past form of “reign” — have sovereign power

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

rolledadjectiveUS /roʊld/

especially of petals or leaves in bud; having margins rolled inward

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading She knew one little girl who sat not far from her.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading The next spring Ellen went to school.

scornedadjectiveUS /skɔːrnd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

seatedadjectiveUS /ˈsiːtɪd/

(of persons) having the torso erect and legs bent with the body supported on the buttocks

From this reading On her first morning at school, she seated herself at her desk and looked forth from the golden cloud of her curls, her eyes full of innocent contemplation, her mouth corners gravely drooping.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

sovereigntynounUS /ˈsɑːvrənti/

government free from external control

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading The next spring Ellen went to school.

superioritynounUS /ˌsuːpɪriˈɔːrɪti/

the quality of being superior

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

territoriesnounUS /ˈterətɔːriz/

plural of “territory” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The next spring Ellen went to school.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Ellen extended hers, though involuntarily, for there was no conscious thirst for power in her.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

thirstnounUS /θɜːrst/

a physiological need to drink

From this reading Ellen extended hers, though involuntarily, for there was no conscious thirst for power in her.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Ellen extended hers, though involuntarily, for there was no conscious thirst for power in her.

thrustverbUS /θrʌst/

push forcefully

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The next spring Ellen went to school.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

undisputedadjectiveUS /ˌʌndɪsˈpjuːtɪd/

generally agreed upon; not subject to dispute

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Ellen extended hers, though involuntarily, for there was no conscious thirst for power in her.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The next spring Ellen went to school.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading When a child who has reigned in undisputed sovereignty at home is thrust among other children at school, one of two things happens: either she is scorned and rebelled against, and her little crown of superiority rolled in the dust of the common playground, or she extends the territories of her empire.

Chapter 8 of The Portion of Labor by Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman holds 406 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Portion of Labor contain?

Chapter 8 holds 406 sentences of The Portion of Labor, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Portion of Labor by Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 406 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Portion of Labor?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Portion of Labor

Common questions about reading The Portion of Labor by Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Portion of Labor?

Yes. All 9828 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18011 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Portion of Labor is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18011, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Portion of Labor take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1966 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Portion of Labor section by section

How to work through The Portion of Labor section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Portion of Labor to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Portion of Labor

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Portion of Labor, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Greatest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Portion of Labor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Complexity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Portion of Labor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Portion of Labor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Attends
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Portion of Labor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.