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The Portion of Labor
The Portion of Labor

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Portion of Labor is here in full — 83 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
There was a driving snow-storm the next day.
When Ellen started for the factory the white twilight of early morning still lingered.
Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.
There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.
Ellen could always be forced by an extreme phase of nature to forgetfulness of her own stresses.
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The Portion of Labor

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Portion of Labor is here in full — 83 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
There was a driving snow-storm the next day.
Line 2
When Ellen started for the factory the white twilight of early morning still lingered.
Line 3
Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.
Line 4
There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.
Line 5
Ellen could always be forced by an extreme phase of nature to forgetfulness of her own stresses.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accentuate verb US /ækˈsentʃuːeɪt/

to stress, single out as important

From this reading “There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.”

clamor verb US /ˈklæmər/

make loud demands

From this reading “There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.”

laboriously adverb US /ləˈbɔːriəsli/

in a laborious manner

From this reading “Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.”

phase noun US /feɪz/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading “Ellen could always be forced by an extreme phase of nature to forgetfulness of her own stresses.”

plodding noun US /ˈplɑːdɪŋ/

hard monotonous routine work

From this reading “Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.”

shag noun US /ʃæɡ/

a strong coarse tobacco that has been shredded

From this reading “There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.”

stiffly adverb US /ˈstɪfli/

in a stiff manner

From this reading “There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.”

stresses noun US /ˈstresəz/

plural of “stress” — the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch)

From this reading “Ellen could always be forced by an extreme phase of nature to forgetfulness of her own stresses.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There was a driving snow-storm the next day.

accentuateverbUS /ækˈsentʃuːeɪt/

to stress, single out as important

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Ellen could always be forced by an extreme phase of nature to forgetfulness of her own stresses.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Ellen could always be forced by an extreme phase of nature to forgetfulness of her own stresses.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Ellen could always be forced by an extreme phase of nature to forgetfulness of her own stresses.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

birdsnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

blowingnounUS /ˈbloʊɪŋ/

processing that involves blowing a gas

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

blue-whiteadjective

of white tinged with blue

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Ellen could always be forced by an extreme phase of nature to forgetfulness of her own stresses.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

clamorverbUS /ˈklæmər/

make loud demands

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Ellen could always be forced by an extreme phase of nature to forgetfulness of her own stresses.

daughtersnounUS /ˈdɔːtərz/

plural of “daughter” — a female human offspring

From this reading Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading There was a driving snow-storm the next day.

drivingadjectiveUS /ˈdraɪvɪŋ/

having the power of driving or impelling

From this reading There was a driving snow-storm the next day.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading When Ellen started for the factory the white twilight of early morning still lingered.

Ellen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Ellen started for the factory the white twilight of early morning still lingered.

EverywhereadverbUS /ˈevriwer/

to or in any or all places

From this reading Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.

extremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading Ellen could always be forced by an extreme phase of nature to forgetfulness of her own stresses.

factorynounUS /ˈfæktəri/

a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing

From this reading When Ellen started for the factory the white twilight of early morning still lingered.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading When Ellen started for the factory the white twilight of early morning still lingered.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading Ellen could always be forced by an extreme phase of nature to forgetfulness of her own stresses.

forgetfulnessnoun

tendency to forget

From this reading Ellen could always be forced by an extreme phase of nature to forgetfulness of her own stresses.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Ellen could always be forced by an extreme phase of nature to forgetfulness of her own stresses.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.

keepingnounUS /ˈkiːpɪŋ/

conformity or harmony

From this reading Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.

laboriouslyadverbUS /ləˈbɔːriəsli/

in a laborious manner

From this reading Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

lingeredverbUS /ˈlɪŋɡərd/

past form of “linger” — remain present although waning or gradually dying

From this reading When Ellen started for the factory the white twilight of early morning still lingered.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading When Ellen started for the factory the white twilight of early morning still lingered.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Ellen could always be forced by an extreme phase of nature to forgetfulness of her own stresses.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading There was a driving snow-storm the next day.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

noiselesslyadverb

without a sound

From this reading Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading When Ellen started for the factory the white twilight of early morning still lingered.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Ellen could always be forced by an extreme phase of nature to forgetfulness of her own stresses.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

phasenounUS /feɪz/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading Ellen could always be forced by an extreme phase of nature to forgetfulness of her own stresses.

ploddingnounUS /ˈplɑːdɪŋ/

hard monotonous routine work

From this reading Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.

quietlyadverbUS /ˈkwaɪətli/

with low volume

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

shagnounUS /ʃæɡ/

a strong coarse tobacco that has been shredded

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

silencenounUS /ˈsaɪ.ləns/

Complete absence of sound; a state of quietness and stillness.

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.

snow-storm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a driving snow-storm the next day.

sonsnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading When Ellen started for the factory the white twilight of early morning still lingered.

stifflyadverbUS /ˈstɪfli/

in a stiff manner

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading When Ellen started for the factory the white twilight of early morning still lingered.

stressesnounUS /ˈstresəz/

plural of “stress” — the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch)

From this reading Ellen could always be forced by an extreme phase of nature to forgetfulness of her own stresses.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There was a driving snow-storm the next day.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was a driving snow-storm the next day.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

toilverbUS /tɔɪl/

work hard

From this reading Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.

tracknounUS /træk/

a line or route along which something travels or moves

From this reading Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

twilightnounUS /ˈtwaɪlaɪt/

the time of day immediately following sunset

From this reading When Ellen started for the factory the white twilight of early morning still lingered.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was a driving snow-storm the next day.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When Ellen started for the factory the white twilight of early morning still lingered.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading When Ellen started for the factory the white twilight of early morning still lingered.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Everywhere were the sons and daughters of toil plodding laboriously and noiselessly through the snow, each keeping in the track of the one who went before.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading There was no wind blowing, and the snow was in a blue-white level; the trees bent stiffly and quietly beneath a heavy shag of white, and now and then came a clamor of birds, which served to accentuate the silence and peace.

Chapter 31 of The Portion of Labor by Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman holds 83 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Portion of Labor contain?

Chapter 31 holds 83 sentences of The Portion of Labor, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Portion of Labor by Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 83 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Portion of Labor?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Portion of Labor

Common questions about reading The Portion of Labor by Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Portion of Labor?

Yes. All 9828 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18011 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Portion of Labor is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18011, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Portion of Labor take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1966 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Portion of Labor section by section

How to work through The Portion of Labor section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Portion of Labor

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Portion of Labor, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Greatest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Portion of Labor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Complexity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Portion of Labor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Portion of Labor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Attends
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Portion of Labor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.