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The Positive School of Criminology Three
The Positive School of Criminology Three

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Positive School of Criminology Three is here in full — 418 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
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Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.
These two ideals are stirring my heart and are the secret of my life.
In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.
And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.
It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Positive School of Criminology Three

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Positive School of Criminology Three is here in full — 418 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.
Line 2
These two ideals are stirring my heart and are the secret of my life.
/ðiːz tuː aɪˈdiːlz ɑːr ˈstɜːrɪŋ maɪ hɑːrt ənd ɑːr ðə ˈsiː.krət ʌv maɪ laɪf/
Line 3
In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.
/ɪn ðə fɜːrst pleɪs ðɪs ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən tʃaɪmd wɪð ðə aɪˈdiːl ʌv maɪ ˈpɜːrsɪnəl laɪf ˈneɪmli tuː dɪˈfjuːs ənd ˈprɑːpəɡeɪt əˈmʌŋ maɪ ˈbrʌðərz ðə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk aɪˈdiːəz wɪtʃ maɪ breɪn hæz əˈkjuːmjəleɪtɪd nɑːt θruː ˈeni ˈmerət ʌv maɪn bʌt θæŋks tuː ðə ˈlʌki praɪz ˌɪnˈherətɪd frʌm maɪ ˈmʌðər ɪn ðə ˈlɑːtəri ʌv laɪf/
Line 4
And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.
/ənd ðə ˈsekənd aɪˈdiːl wɪtʃ ðɪs ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən kɔːld ʌp bɪˈfɔːr maɪ maɪndz ˈvɪʒən wɑːz ðɪs ðə aɪˈdiːl ʌv jʌŋ ˈpiːpəl ʌv ˈɪtəli juːˈnaɪtɪd ɪn ˈmɔːrəlz ənd ˌɪntəˈlektʃuːəl pərˈsuːts ˈfiːlɪŋ ɪn ðer ˈsoʊʃəl lɪvz ðə ɡloʊ ʌv ə ɡreɪt eɪm/
Line 5
It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chimed verb US /tʃaɪmd/

past form of “chime” — emit a sound

From this reading “In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.”

diffuse verb US /dɪˈfjuːs/

move outward

From this reading “In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.”

fundamental adjective US /ˌfʌndəˈmentəl/

serving as an essential component

From this reading “Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.”

lottery noun US /ˈlɑːtəri/

something that is regarded as a chance event

From this reading “In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.”

mind's noun US /maɪndz/

possessive form of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading “And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.”

propagate verb US /ˈprɑːpəɡeɪt/

transmit from one generation to the next

From this reading “In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.”

sociology noun US /ˌsoʊsiˈɑːlədʒi/

the study and classification of human societies

From this reading “Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.”

summary noun US /ˈsʌməri/

a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form

From this reading “Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.”

All words in this reading · 128

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1901

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

22

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

23

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

24

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

acceptedadjectiveUS /ækˈseptɪd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

accumulatedadjectiveUS /əˈkjuːmjəleɪtɪd/

periodically accumulated over time

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

agreeverbUS /əˈɡriː/

be in accord; be in agreement

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

aimverbUS /eɪm/

point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards

From this reading And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

AprilnounUS /ˈeɪprəl/

the month following March and preceding May

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These two ideals are stirring my heart and are the secret of my life.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

aspirationsnounUS /ˌæspərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “aspiration” — a will to succeed

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.

brainnounUS /breɪn/

that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

briefadjectiveUS /briːf/

of short duration or distance

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.

chimedverbUS /tʃaɪmd/

past form of “chime” — emit a sound

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

conclusionsnounUS /kənˈkluːʒənz/

plural of “conclusion” — a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

criminaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪmənəl/

bringing or deserving severe rebuke or censure

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

diffuseverbUS /dɪˈfjuːs/

move outward

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

egoisticadjective

limited to or caring only about yourself and your own needs

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

fataladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪtəl/

bringing death

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

fundamentaladjectiveUS /ˌfʌndəˈmentəl/

serving as an essential component

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

GivenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

gladlyadverbUS /ˈɡlædli/

in a willing manner

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

glownounUS /ɡloʊ/

an alert and refreshed state

From this reading And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.

graspverbUS /ɡræsp/

hold firmly

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading These two ideals are stirring my heart and are the secret of my life.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

idealadjectiveUS /aɪˈdiːl/

conforming to an ultimate standard of perfection or excellence; embodying an ideal

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

idealsnounUS /aɪˈdiːlz/

plural of “ideal” — the idea of something that is perfect; something that one hopes to attain

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

ideasnounUS /aɪˈdiːəz/

plural of “idea” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

inheritedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈherətɪd/

occurring among members of a family usually by heredity

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

intellectualadjectiveUS /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuːəl/

of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind

From this reading And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.

interestsnounUS /ˈɪntrəsts/

plural of “interest” — a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

invitationnounUS /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/

a request (spoken or written) to participate or be present or take part in something

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

lecturesnounUS /ˈlektʃərz/

plural of “lecture” — a speech that is open to the public

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading These two ideals are stirring my heart and are the secret of my life.

liftverbUS /lɪft/

raise from a lower to a higher position

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

lotterynounUS /ˈlɑːtəri/

something that is regarded as a chance event

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

luckyadjectiveUS /ˈlʌki/

occurring by chance

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

meritnounUS /ˈmerət/

any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

mind'snounUS /maɪndz/

possessive form of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.

minepronounUS /maɪn/

the one or ones belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

moralsnounUS /ˈmɔːrəlz/

motivation based on ideas of right and wrong

From this reading And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

namelyadverbUS /ˈneɪmli/

as follows

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

NaplesnounUS /ˈneɪpəlz/

a port and tourist center in southwestern Italy; capital of the Campania region

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

occupationnounUS /ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃən/

the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

opposedadjectiveUS /əˈpoʊzd/

being in opposition or having an opponent

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

principalnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

prizenounUS /praɪz/

something given for victory or superiority in a contest or competition or for winning a lottery

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

propagateverbUS /ˈprɑːpəɡeɪt/

transmit from one generation to the next

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

pursuitsnounUS /pərˈsuːts/

plural of “pursuit” — the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture

From this reading And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

scientificadjectiveUS /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

of or relating to the practice of science

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading These two ideals are stirring my heart and are the secret of my life.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.

sociologynounUS /ˌsoʊsiˈɑːlədʒi/

the study and classification of human societies

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

specialadjectiveUS /ˈspeʃəl/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

stirringnounUS /ˈstɜːrɪŋ/

agitating a liquid with an implement

From this reading These two ideals are stirring my heart and are the secret of my life.

studentsnounUS /ˈstuːdənts/

plural of “student” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

summarynounUS /ˈsʌməri/

a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

thanksnounUS /θæŋks/

an acknowledgment of appreciation

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These two ideals are stirring my heart and are the secret of my life.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

turmoilnounUS /ˈtɜːrmɔɪl/

a violent disturbance

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

unitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.

UniversitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.

visionnounUS /ˈvɪʒən/

a vivid mental image

From this reading And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the first place, this invitation chimed with the ideal of my personal life, namely, to diffuse and propagate among my brothers the scientific ideas, which my brain has accumulated, not through any merit of mine, but thanks to the lucky prize inherited from my mother in the lottery of life.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Given at the University of Naples, Italy on April 22, 23 and 24, 1901 When, in the turmoil of my daily occupation, I received an invitation, several months ago, from several hundred students of this famous university, to give them a brief summary, in short special lectures, of the principal and fundamental conclusions of criminal sociology, I gladly accepted, because this invitation fell in with two ideals of mine.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It would matter little whether this aim would agree with my own ideas or be opposed to them, so long as it should be an ideal which would lift the aspirations of the young people out of the fatal grasp of egoistic interests.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading And the second ideal which this invitation called up before my mind's vision was this: The ideal of young people of Italy, united in morals and intellectual pursuits, feeling in their social lives the glow of a great aim.

Chapter 1 of The Positive School of Criminology Three by Enrico Ferri holds 418 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Positive School of Criminology Three contain?

Chapter 1 holds 418 sentences of The Positive School of Criminology Three, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Positive School of Criminology Three by Enrico Ferri exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 418 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Positive School of Criminology Three?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Positive School of Criminology Three

Common questions about reading The Positive School of Criminology Three by Enrico Ferri on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 832 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #10580 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #10580, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Positive School of Criminology Three take to read?

About 69 minutes of reading across 167 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Positive School of Criminology Three section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Positive School of Criminology Three

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Positive School of Criminology Three, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Given
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Positive School of Criminology Three; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
University
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Positive School of Criminology Three; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Naples
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Positive School of Criminology Three; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Italy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Positive School of Criminology Three; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.