Chapter I · Chapter 1

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading She never permitted Boris’s guardian to interfere in her business, took no heed of documents, papers, or deeds, but carried on the affairs of the estate according to the practice of its former owners.

matters of personal concern

From this reading She never permitted Boris’s guardian to interfere in her business, took no heed of documents, papers, or deeds, but carried on the affairs of the estate according to the practice of its former owners.

later than; following

From this reading Tatiana Markovna had an estate and a village of her own, but after the death of Raisky’s parents she had established herself on their little estate, which she ruled like a miniature kingdom, wisely, economically, carefully and despotically.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Tatiana Markovna had an estate and a village of her own, but after the death of Raisky’s parents she had established herself on their little estate, which she ruled like a miniature kingdom, wisely, economically, carefully and despotically.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Raisky entered the University, and spent the summer vacation with his aunt, Tatiana Markovna Berezhkov.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.

the sister of your father or mother; the wife of your uncle

From this reading Raisky entered the University, and spent the summer vacation with his aunt, Tatiana Markovna Berezhkov.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Raisky entered the University, and spent the summer vacation with his aunt, Tatiana Markovna Berezhkov.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading She never permitted Boris’s guardian to interfere in her business, took no heed of documents, papers, or deeds, but carried on the affairs of the estate according to the practice of its former owners.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Tatiana Markovna had an estate and a village of her own, but after the death of Raisky’s parents she had established herself on their little estate, which she ruled like a miniature kingdom, wisely, economically, carefully and despotically.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.

taking care or paying attention

From this reading Tatiana Markovna had an estate and a village of her own, but after the death of Raisky’s parents she had established herself on their little estate, which she ruled like a miniature kingdom, wisely, economically, carefully and despotically.

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading She never permitted Boris’s guardian to interfere in her business, took no heed of documents, papers, or deeds, but carried on the affairs of the estate according to the practice of its former owners.

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

a female human offspring

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Tatiana Markovna had an estate and a village of her own, but after the death of Raisky’s parents she had established herself on their little estate, which she ruled like a miniature kingdom, wisely, economically, carefully and despotically.

performance of moral or religious acts

From this reading She never permitted Boris’s guardian to interfere in her business, took no heed of documents, papers, or deeds, but carried on the affairs of the estate according to the practice of its former owners.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tatiana Markovna had an estate and a village of her own, but after the death of Raisky’s parents she had established herself on their little estate, which she ruled like a miniature kingdom, wisely, economically, carefully and despotically.

plural of “document” — writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading She never permitted Boris’s guardian to interfere in her business, took no heed of documents, papers, or deeds, but carried on the affairs of the estate according to the practice of its former owners.

with respect to economic science

From this reading Tatiana Markovna had an estate and a village of her own, but after the death of Raisky’s parents she had established herself on their little estate, which she ruled like a miniature kingdom, wisely, economically, carefully and despotically.

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading Raisky entered the University, and spent the summer vacation with his aunt, Tatiana Markovna Berezhkov.

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading Tatiana Markovna had an estate and a village of her own, but after the death of Raisky’s parents she had established herself on their little estate, which she ruled like a miniature kingdom, wisely, economically, carefully and despotically.

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

a social unit living together

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading She never permitted Boris’s guardian to interfere in her business, took no heed of documents, papers, or deeds, but carried on the affairs of the estate according to the practice of its former owners.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

plural of “girl” — a young female

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.

a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading She never permitted Boris’s guardian to interfere in her business, took no heed of documents, papers, or deeds, but carried on the affairs of the estate according to the practice of its former owners.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

paying particular notice (as to children or helpless people)

From this reading She never permitted Boris’s guardian to interfere in her business, took no heed of documents, papers, or deeds, but carried on the affairs of the estate according to the practice of its former owners.

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading Tatiana Markovna had an estate and a village of her own, but after the death of Raisky’s parents she had established herself on their little estate, which she ruled like a miniature kingdom, wisely, economically, carefully and despotically.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Raisky entered the University, and spent the summer vacation with his aunt, Tatiana Markovna Berezhkov.

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

occurring among members of a family usually by heredity

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

come between so as to be hindrance or obstacle

From this reading She never permitted Boris’s guardian to interfere in her business, took no heed of documents, papers, or deeds, but carried on the affairs of the estate according to the practice of its former owners.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading She never permitted Boris’s guardian to interfere in her business, took no heed of documents, papers, or deeds, but carried on the affairs of the estate according to the practice of its former owners.

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading Tatiana Markovna had an estate and a village of her own, but after the death of Raisky’s parents she had established herself on their little estate, which she ruled like a miniature kingdom, wisely, economically, carefully and despotically.

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Tatiana Markovna had an estate and a village of her own, but after the death of Raisky’s parents she had established herself on their little estate, which she ruled like a miniature kingdom, wisely, economically, carefully and despotically.

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

held dear

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Raisky entered the University, and spent the summer vacation with his aunt, Tatiana Markovna Berezhkov.

painting or drawing included in a book (especially in illuminated medieval manuscripts)

From this reading Tatiana Markovna had an estate and a village of her own, but after the death of Raisky’s parents she had established herself on their little estate, which she ruled like a miniature kingdom, wisely, economically, carefully and despotically.

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

disregarded

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading She never permitted Boris’s guardian to interfere in her business, took no heed of documents, papers, or deeds, but carried on the affairs of the estate according to the practice of its former owners.

comparative of “new” — not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.

a daughter of your brother or sister

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.

not any; not one

From this reading She never permitted Boris’s guardian to interfere in her business, took no heed of documents, papers, or deeds, but carried on the affairs of the estate according to the practice of its former owners.

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading She never permitted Boris’s guardian to interfere in her business, took no heed of documents, papers, or deeds, but carried on the affairs of the estate according to the practice of its former owners.

a child who has lost both parents

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Tatiana Markovna had an estate and a village of her own, but after the death of Raisky’s parents she had established herself on their little estate, which she ruled like a miniature kingdom, wisely, economically, carefully and despotically.

plural of “owner” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading She never permitted Boris’s guardian to interfere in her business, took no heed of documents, papers, or deeds, but carried on the affairs of the estate according to the practice of its former owners.

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading She never permitted Boris’s guardian to interfere in her business, took no heed of documents, papers, or deeds, but carried on the affairs of the estate according to the practice of its former owners.

plural of “parent” — a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading Tatiana Markovna had an estate and a village of her own, but after the death of Raisky’s parents she had established herself on their little estate, which she ruled like a miniature kingdom, wisely, economically, carefully and despotically.

inflected form of “permit” — consent to, give permission

From this reading She never permitted Boris’s guardian to interfere in her business, took no heed of documents, papers, or deeds, but carried on the affairs of the estate according to the practice of its former owners.

a separate part of a whole

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

a customary way of operation or behavior

From this reading She never permitted Boris’s guardian to interfere in her business, took no heed of documents, papers, or deeds, but carried on the affairs of the estate according to the practice of its former owners.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Raisky entered the University, and spent the summer vacation with his aunt, Tatiana Markovna Berezhkov.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tatiana Markovna had an estate and a village of her own, but after the death of Raisky’s parents she had established herself on their little estate, which she ruled like a miniature kingdom, wisely, economically, carefully and despotically.

plural of “residence” — any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

in the order given

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.

subject to a ruling authority

From this reading Tatiana Markovna had an estate and a village of her own, but after the death of Raisky’s parents she had established herself on their little estate, which she ruled like a miniature kingdom, wisely, economically, carefully and despotically.

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.

plural of “soul” — the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading Raisky entered the University, and spent the summer vacation with his aunt, Tatiana Markovna Berezhkov.

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading Raisky entered the University, and spent the summer vacation with his aunt, Tatiana Markovna Berezhkov.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Raisky entered the University, and spent the summer vacation with his aunt, Tatiana Markovna Berezhkov.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Raisky entered the University, and spent the summer vacation with his aunt, Tatiana Markovna Berezhkov.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Tatiana Markovna had an estate and a village of her own, but after the death of Raisky’s parents she had established herself on their little estate, which she ruled like a miniature kingdom, wisely, economically, carefully and despotically.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading She never permitted Boris’s guardian to interfere in her business, took no heed of documents, papers, or deeds, but carried on the affairs of the estate according to the practice of its former owners.

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading She never permitted Boris’s guardian to interfere in her business, took no heed of documents, papers, or deeds, but carried on the affairs of the estate according to the practice of its former owners.

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading Raisky entered the University, and spent the summer vacation with his aunt, Tatiana Markovna Berezhkov.

leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure

From this reading Raisky entered the University, and spent the summer vacation with his aunt, Tatiana Markovna Berezhkov.

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Tatiana Markovna had an estate and a village of her own, but after the death of Raisky’s parents she had established herself on their little estate, which she ruled like a miniature kingdom, wisely, economically, carefully and despotically.

a Russian river; the longest river in Europe; flows into the Caspian Sea

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

which person or people

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.

in a wise manner

From this reading Tatiana Markovna had an estate and a village of her own, but after the death of Raisky’s parents she had established herself on their little estate, which she ruled like a miniature kingdom, wisely, economically, carefully and despotically.

in the company of; together with

From this reading Raisky entered the University, and spent the summer vacation with his aunt, Tatiana Markovna Berezhkov.

made or consisting of (entirely or in part) or employing wood

From this reading His aunt lived in a family estate which Boris had inherited from his mother--a piece of land on the Volga, close by a little town, with fifty souls and two residences, one built of stone and now neglected, the other a wooden building built by Boris’s father.

a late time of life

From this reading In this newer house Tatiana Markovna lived with two orphan girls of six and five years old respectively, who had been left in her care by a niece whom she had loved as a daughter.