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The Precipice
The Precipice

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Precipice is here in full — 84 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In Moscow Raisky spent his time partly in the University, partly in the Kremlin gardens.
In the evening he sat in the club with his friends, hot-headed, good-hearted individuals.
Every one of them made a great to-do, and confidently expected a great future.
At the University, as at school, Raisky paid little attention to the rules of grammar, but observed intently the professor and the students.
But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Precipice

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Precipice is here in full — 84 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In Moscow Raisky spent his time partly in the University, partly in the Kremlin gardens.
Line 2
In the evening he sat in the club with his friends, hot-headed, good-hearted individuals.
Line 3
Every one of them made a great to-do, and confidently expected a great future.
/ˈevəri wʌn ʌv ðem meɪd ə ɡreɪt ˌtuːˈduː ənd ˈkɑːnfədəntli ɪkˈspektəd ə ɡreɪt ˈfjuːtʃər/
Line 4
At the University, as at school, Raisky paid little attention to the rules of grammar, but observed intently the professor and the students.
Line 5
But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

confidently adverb US /ˈkɑːnfədəntli/

with confidence; in a confident manner

From this reading “Every one of them made a great to-do, and confidently expected a great future.”

grammar noun US /ˈɡræmər/

the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics)

From this reading “At the University, as at school, Raisky paid little attention to the rules of grammar, but observed intently the professor and the students.”

Kremlin noun US /ˈkremlən/

citadel of Moscow, housing the offices of the Russian government

From this reading “In Moscow Raisky spent his time partly in the University, partly in the Kremlin gardens.”

lecturer noun US /ˈlektʃərər/

a public lecturer at certain universities

From this reading “But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.”

Moscow noun US /ˈmɑːskoʊ/

a city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation

From this reading “In Moscow Raisky spent his time partly in the University, partly in the Kremlin gardens.”

Romans noun US /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading “But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.”

Russians noun US /ˈrʌʃənz/

plural of “russian” — a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading “But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.”

to-do noun US /ˌtuːˈduː/

a disorderly outburst or tumult

From this reading “Every one of them made a great to-do, and confidently expected a great future.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Every one of them made a great to-do, and confidently expected a great future.

actualadjectiveUS /ˈæktʃəwəl/

presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Every one of them made a great to-do, and confidently expected a great future.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading At the University, as at school, Raisky paid little attention to the rules of grammar, but observed intently the professor and the students.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the University, as at school, Raisky paid little attention to the rules of grammar, but observed intently the professor and the students.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading At the University, as at school, Raisky paid little attention to the rules of grammar, but observed intently the professor and the students.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading At the University, as at school, Raisky paid little attention to the rules of grammar, but observed intently the professor and the students.

clubnounUS /klʌb/

a team of professional baseball players who play and travel together

From this reading In the evening he sat in the club with his friends, hot-headed, good-hearted individuals.

confidentlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnfədəntli/

with confidence; in a confident manner

From this reading Every one of them made a great to-do, and confidently expected a great future.

doingsnounUS /ˈduːɪŋz/

manner of acting or controlling yourself

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading In the evening he sat in the club with his friends, hot-headed, good-hearted individuals.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every one of them made a great to-do, and confidently expected a great future.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading Every one of them made a great to-do, and confidently expected a great future.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading In the evening he sat in the club with his friends, hot-headed, good-hearted individuals.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading Every one of them made a great to-do, and confidently expected a great future.

gardensnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənz/

plural of “garden” — a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading In Moscow Raisky spent his time partly in the University, partly in the Kremlin gardens.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

GermansnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmənz/

plural of “german” — a person of German nationality

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

good-heartedadjective

showing or motivated by sympathy and understanding and generosity

From this reading In the evening he sat in the club with his friends, hot-headed, good-hearted individuals.

grammarnounUS /ˈɡræmər/

the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics)

From this reading At the University, as at school, Raisky paid little attention to the rules of grammar, but observed intently the professor and the students.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Every one of them made a great to-do, and confidently expected a great future.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the evening he sat in the club with his friends, hot-headed, good-hearted individuals.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In Moscow Raisky spent his time partly in the University, partly in the Kremlin gardens.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

hot-headed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the evening he sat in the club with his friends, hot-headed, good-hearted individuals.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In Moscow Raisky spent his time partly in the University, partly in the Kremlin gardens.

individualsnounUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəlz/

plural of “individual” — a human being

From this reading In the evening he sat in the club with his friends, hot-headed, good-hearted individuals.

intentlyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈtentli/

with strained or eager attention

From this reading At the University, as at school, Raisky paid little attention to the rules of grammar, but observed intently the professor and the students.

involuntarilyadverbUS /ˌɪnvoʊˈlʌntərɪli/

against your will

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

KremlinnounUS /ˈkremlən/

citadel of Moscow, housing the offices of the Russian government

From this reading In Moscow Raisky spent his time partly in the University, partly in the Kremlin gardens.

lectureverbUS /ˈlektʃər/

deliver a lecture or talk

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

lecturernounUS /ˈlektʃərər/

a public lecturer at certain universities

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading At the University, as at school, Raisky paid little attention to the rules of grammar, but observed intently the professor and the students.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Every one of them made a great to-do, and confidently expected a great future.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

MoscownounUS /ˈmɑːskoʊ/

a city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation

From this reading In Moscow Raisky spent his time partly in the University, partly in the Kremlin gardens.

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading At the University, as at school, Raisky paid little attention to the rules of grammar, but observed intently the professor and the students.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Every one of them made a great to-do, and confidently expected a great future.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Every one of them made a great to-do, and confidently expected a great future.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading At the University, as at school, Raisky paid little attention to the rules of grammar, but observed intently the professor and the students.

partlyadverbUS /ˈpɑːrtli/

to some extent; in some degree; not wholly

From this reading In Moscow Raisky spent his time partly in the University, partly in the Kremlin gardens.

personages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

professornounUS /prəˈfesər/

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading At the University, as at school, Raisky paid little attention to the rules of grammar, but observed intently the professor and the students.

Raisky

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In Moscow Raisky spent his time partly in the University, partly in the Kremlin gardens.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

RomansnounUS /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

rulesnounUS /ruːlz/

plural of “rule” — a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading At the University, as at school, Raisky paid little attention to the rules of grammar, but observed intently the professor and the students.

RussiansnounUS /ˈrʌʃənz/

plural of “russian” — a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading In the evening he sat in the club with his friends, hot-headed, good-hearted individuals.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading At the University, as at school, Raisky paid little attention to the rules of grammar, but observed intently the professor and the students.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading In Moscow Raisky spent his time partly in the University, partly in the Kremlin gardens.

studentsnounUS /ˈstuːdənts/

plural of “student” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading At the University, as at school, Raisky paid little attention to the rules of grammar, but observed intently the professor and the students.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In Moscow Raisky spent his time partly in the University, partly in the Kremlin gardens.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Every one of them made a great to-do, and confidently expected a great future.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading In Moscow Raisky spent his time partly in the University, partly in the Kremlin gardens.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At the University, as at school, Raisky paid little attention to the rules of grammar, but observed intently the professor and the students.

to-donounUS /ˌtuːˈduː/

a disorderly outburst or tumult

From this reading Every one of them made a great to-do, and confidently expected a great future.

touchedadjectiveUS /tʌtʃt/

having come into contact

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

UniversitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading In Moscow Raisky spent his time partly in the University, partly in the Kremlin gardens.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading But as soon as the lecture touched actual life and brought living men, Romans, Germans or Russians on the scene, whether in history or literature, he involuntarily gave the lecturer his attention, and the personages and their doings became real to him.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In the evening he sat in the club with his friends, hot-headed, good-hearted individuals.

Chapter 4 of The Precipice by Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov holds 84 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Precipice contain?

Chapter 4 holds 84 sentences of The Precipice, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Precipice by Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 84 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Precipice?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Precipice

Common questions about reading The Precipice by Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Precipice?

Yes. All 7157 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7307 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Precipice is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7307, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Precipice take to read?

About 596 minutes of reading across 1432 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Precipice section by section

How to work through The Precipice section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 36 chapters of The Precipice to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Precipice

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Precipice, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Raisky
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Precipice; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Entered
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Precipice; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
University
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Precipice; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Precipice; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.