Chapter V · Chapter 5

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In a _kibitka_ covered with bast, drawn by three lean and sleepy nags, Raisky drove slowly to his estate.

any of various spiny trees or shrubs of the genus Acacia

From this reading He approached nearer and nearer; now he could see the shimmer of the flowers in the garden, the avenues of lime and acacia became visible, the old elm emerged, and there, more to the left, lay the orchard.

a mental state of extreme emotional disturbance

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In a _kibitka_ covered with bast, drawn by three lean and sleepy nags, Raisky drove slowly to his estate.

past form of “approach” — move towards

From this reading He approached nearer and nearer; now he could see the shimmer of the flowers in the garden, the avenues of lime and acacia became visible, the old elm emerged, and there, more to the left, lay the orchard.

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading There were dogs in the yard, cats sunning themselves, on the roof of the new house flocked the pigeon and the swallows flitted around the eaves.

plural of “avenue” — a line of approach

From this reading He approached nearer and nearer; now he could see the shimmer of the flowers in the garden, the avenues of lime and acacia became visible, the old elm emerged, and there, more to the left, lay the orchard.

strong woody fibers obtained especially from the phloem of from various plants

From this reading In a _kibitka_ covered with bast, drawn by three lean and sleepy nags, Raisky drove slowly to his estate.

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading He approached nearer and nearer; now he could see the shimmer of the flowers in the garden, the avenues of lime and acacia became visible, the old elm emerged, and there, more to the left, lay the orchard.

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Behind the house, on the side towards the village, linen lay out to bleach.

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

the whiteness that results from removing the color from something

From this reading Behind the house, on the side towards the village, linen lay out to bleach.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In a _kibitka_ covered with bast, drawn by three lean and sleepy nags, Raisky drove slowly to his estate.

plural of “cat” — feline mammal usually having thick soft fur and no ability to roar: domestic cats; wildcats

From this reading There were dogs in the yard, cats sunning themselves, on the roof of the new house flocked the pigeon and the swallows flitted around the eaves.

plural of “chimney” — a vertical flue that provides a path through which smoke from a fire is carried away through the wall or roof of a building

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He approached nearer and nearer; now he could see the shimmer of the flowers in the garden, the avenues of lime and acacia became visible, the old elm emerged, and there, more to the left, lay the orchard.

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading In a _kibitka_ covered with bast, drawn by three lean and sleepy nags, Raisky drove slowly to his estate.

a game played on ice in which heavy stones with handles are slid toward a target

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

exquisitely fine and subtle and pleasing; susceptible to injury

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

plural of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading There were dogs in the yard, cats sunning themselves, on the roof of the new house flocked the pigeon and the swallows flitted around the eaves.

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading In a _kibitka_ covered with bast, drawn by three lean and sleepy nags, Raisky drove slowly to his estate.

a group of animals (a herd or flock) moving together

From this reading In a _kibitka_ covered with bast, drawn by three lean and sleepy nags, Raisky drove slowly to his estate.

the overhang at the lower edge of a roof

From this reading There were dogs in the yard, cats sunning themselves, on the roof of the new house flocked the pigeon and the swallows flitted around the eaves.

any of various trees of the genus Ulmus: important timber or shade trees

From this reading He approached nearer and nearer; now he could see the shimmer of the flowers in the garden, the avenues of lime and acacia became visible, the old elm emerged, and there, more to the left, lay the orchard.

past form of “emerge” — come out into view, as from concealment

From this reading He approached nearer and nearer; now he could see the shimmer of the flowers in the garden, the avenues of lime and acacia became visible, the old elm emerged, and there, more to the left, lay the orchard.

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading In a _kibitka_ covered with bast, drawn by three lean and sleepy nags, Raisky drove slowly to his estate.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were dogs in the yard, cats sunning themselves, on the roof of the new house flocked the pigeon and the swallows flitted around the eaves.

past form of “flock” — move as a crowd or in a group

From this reading There were dogs in the yard, cats sunning themselves, on the roof of the new house flocked the pigeon and the swallows flitted around the eaves.

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading He approached nearer and nearer; now he could see the shimmer of the flowers in the garden, the avenues of lime and acacia became visible, the old elm emerged, and there, more to the left, lay the orchard.

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

plural of “gable” — the vertical triangular wall between the sloping ends of gable roof

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading He approached nearer and nearer; now he could see the shimmer of the flowers in the garden, the avenues of lime and acacia became visible, the old elm emerged, and there, more to the left, lay the orchard.

a flash of light (especially reflected light)

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

not accessible to view

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In a _kibitka_ covered with bast, drawn by three lean and sleepy nags, Raisky drove slowly to his estate.

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In a _kibitka_ covered with bast, drawn by three lean and sleepy nags, Raisky drove slowly to his estate.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In a _kibitka_ covered with bast, drawn by three lean and sleepy nags, Raisky drove slowly to his estate.

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading He approached nearer and nearer; now he could see the shimmer of the flowers in the garden, the avenues of lime and acacia became visible, the old elm emerged, and there, more to the left, lay the orchard.

to incline or bend from a vertical position

From this reading In a _kibitka_ covered with bast, drawn by three lean and sleepy nags, Raisky drove slowly to his estate.

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading He approached nearer and nearer; now he could see the shimmer of the flowers in the garden, the avenues of lime and acacia became visible, the old elm emerged, and there, more to the left, lay the orchard.

a caustic substance produced by heating limestone

From this reading He approached nearer and nearer; now he could see the shimmer of the flowers in the garden, the avenues of lime and acacia became visible, the old elm emerged, and there, more to the left, lay the orchard.

plural of “lime” — a caustic substance produced by heating limestone

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

a fabric woven with fibers from the flax plant

From this reading Behind the house, on the side towards the village, linen lay out to bleach.

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He approached nearer and nearer; now he could see the shimmer of the flowers in the garden, the avenues of lime and acacia became visible, the old elm emerged, and there, more to the left, lay the orchard.

plural of “nag” — someone (especially a woman) who annoys people by constantly finding fault

From this reading In a _kibitka_ covered with bast, drawn by three lean and sleepy nags, Raisky drove slowly to his estate.

(comparative of “near” or “close”) within a shorter distance

From this reading He approached nearer and nearer; now he could see the shimmer of the flowers in the garden, the avenues of lime and acacia became visible, the old elm emerged, and there, more to the left, lay the orchard.

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading There were dogs in the yard, cats sunning themselves, on the roof of the new house flocked the pigeon and the swallows flitted around the eaves.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There were dogs in the yard, cats sunning themselves, on the roof of the new house flocked the pigeon and the swallows flitted around the eaves.

garden consisting of a small cultivated wood without undergrowth

From this reading He approached nearer and nearer; now he could see the shimmer of the flowers in the garden, the avenues of lime and acacia became visible, the old elm emerged, and there, more to the left, lay the orchard.

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Behind the house, on the side towards the village, linen lay out to bleach.

past form of “overshadow” — be greater in significance than

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

have ownership or possession of

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

very light colored; highly diluted with white

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

wild and domesticated birds having a heavy body and short legs

From this reading There were dogs in the yard, cats sunning themselves, on the roof of the new house flocked the pigeon and the swallows flitted around the eaves.

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In a _kibitka_ covered with bast, drawn by three lean and sleepy nags, Raisky drove slowly to his estate.

a safe place

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

cut with a saw

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading He approached nearer and nearer; now he could see the shimmer of the flowers in the garden, the avenues of lime and acacia became visible, the old elm emerged, and there, more to the left, lay the orchard.

shine with a weak or fitful light

From this reading He approached nearer and nearer; now he could see the shimmer of the flowers in the garden, the avenues of lime and acacia became visible, the old elm emerged, and there, more to the left, lay the orchard.

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Behind the house, on the side towards the village, linen lay out to bleach.

ready to fall asleep

From this reading In a _kibitka_ covered with bast, drawn by three lean and sleepy nags, Raisky drove slowly to his estate.

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading In a _kibitka_ covered with bast, drawn by three lean and sleepy nags, Raisky drove slowly to his estate.

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

inflected form of “sun” — expose one's body to the sun

From this reading There were dogs in the yard, cats sunning themselves, on the roof of the new house flocked the pigeon and the swallows flitted around the eaves.

plural of “swallow” — a small amount of liquid food

From this reading There were dogs in the yard, cats sunning themselves, on the roof of the new house flocked the pigeon and the swallows flitted around the eaves.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading There were dogs in the yard, cats sunning themselves, on the roof of the new house flocked the pigeon and the swallows flitted around the eaves.

in or at that place or location

From this reading He approached nearer and nearer; now he could see the shimmer of the flowers in the garden, the avenues of lime and acacia became visible, the old elm emerged, and there, more to the left, lay the orchard.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading In a _kibitka_ covered with bast, drawn by three lean and sleepy nags, Raisky drove slowly to his estate.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In a _kibitka_ covered with bast, drawn by three lean and sleepy nags, Raisky drove slowly to his estate.

in the direction of

From this reading Behind the house, on the side towards the village, linen lay out to bleach.

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Behind the house, on the side towards the village, linen lay out to bleach.

capable of being seen; or open to easy view

From this reading He approached nearer and nearer; now he could see the shimmer of the flowers in the garden, the avenues of lime and acacia became visible, the old elm emerged, and there, more to the left, lay the orchard.

a Russian river; the longest river in Europe; flows into the Caspian Sea

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were dogs in the yard, cats sunning themselves, on the roof of the new house flocked the pigeon and the swallows flitted around the eaves.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

in the company of; together with

From this reading In a _kibitka_ covered with bast, drawn by three lean and sleepy nags, Raisky drove slowly to his estate.

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading It was not without agitation that he saw the smoke curling up from the chimneys of his own roof, the fresh, delicate green of the birches and the limes which overshadowed this place of refuge, the gables of the old house and the pale line of the Volga now gleaming between the trees and now hidden from view.

a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading There were dogs in the yard, cats sunning themselves, on the roof of the new house flocked the pigeon and the swallows flitted around the eaves.