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The Princess Galva: A Romance
The Princess Galva: A Romance

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Princess Galva: A Romance is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
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A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.
During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.
To thwart Jasper Jarman was to rouse to their uttermost those fighting instincts that had given him the name of "Stone-wall Jarman" in his younger days.
Another trait common to self-made men was possessed by Jasper, he was an early riser.
On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Princess Galva: A Romance

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Princess Galva: A Romance is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.
Line 2
During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.
/ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈɜːrli kərˈɪr ˈdʒæspər hæd fɔːt ə ˈbɪtər ˈbætəl wɪð ðə wɜːrld baɪ ˈθɜːrdifaɪv hiː hæd ˈkɑːŋkərd ɪt ənd naʊ ɪn ðə ˈiːvnɪŋ ʌv hɪz deɪz hiː wɑːz ˈveri əˈvɜːrs tuː riˈlɪŋkwɪʃɪŋ ˈeni ʌv ðə ˈmɔːrəl spɔɪlz ʌv hɪz ˈvɪktəri/
Line 3
To thwart Jasper Jarman was to rouse to their uttermost those fighting instincts that had given him the name of "Stone-wall Jarman" in his younger days.
Line 4
Another trait common to self-made men was possessed by Jasper, he was an early riser.
Line 5
On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

averse adjective US /əˈvɜːrs/

(usually followed by “to”) strongly opposed

From this reading “During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.”

handiwork noun US /ˈhændiwɜːrk/

a work produced by hand labor

From this reading “A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.”

relinquishing noun US /riˈlɪŋkwɪʃɪŋ/

a verbal act of renouncing a claim or right or position etc.

From this reading “During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.”

riser noun US /ˈraɪzər/

a person who rises (especially from bed)

From this reading “Another trait common to self-made men was possessed by Jasper, he was an early riser.”

spoils noun US /spɔɪlz/

plural of “spoil” — (usually plural) valuables taken by violence (especially in war)

From this reading “During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.”

thirty-five adjective US /ˈθɜːrdifaɪv/

being five more than thirty

From this reading “During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.”

thwart noun US /θwɔːrt/

a crosspiece spreading the gunnels of a boat; used as a seat in a rowboat

From this reading “To thwart Jasper Jarman was to rouse to their uttermost those fighting instincts that had given him the name of "Stone-wall Jarman" in his younger days.”

trait noun US /treɪt/

a distinguishing feature of your personal nature

From this reading “Another trait common to self-made men was possessed by Jasper, he was an early riser.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

younger days adjective + noun

In this reading “To thwart Jasper Jarman was to rouse to their uttermost those fighting instincts that had given him the name of "Stone-wall Jarman" in his younger days.”

ran round verb + noun counted as “run round”

In this reading “On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.”

in the evening preposition + article + noun counted as “in … evening”

In this reading “During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.”

name of verb + particle

In this reading “To thwart Jasper Jarman was to rouse to their uttermost those fighting instincts that had given him the name of "Stone-wall Jarman" in his younger days.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

Adderbury

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Another trait common to self-made men was possessed by Jasper, he was an early riser.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

averseadjectiveUS /əˈvɜːrs/

(usually followed by “to”) strongly opposed

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

box-bordered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

careernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading Another trait common to self-made men was possessed by Jasper, he was an early riser.

conqueredverbUS /ˈkɑːŋkərd/

past form of “conquer” — bring under control by force or authority

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

CottagenounUS /ˈkɑːtədʒ/

a small house with a single story

From this reading On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

exaltedadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɔːltɪd/

of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading To thwart Jasper Jarman was to rouse to their uttermost those fighting instincts that had given him the name of "Stone-wall Jarman" in his younger days.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

FROMprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading To thwart Jasper Jarman was to rouse to their uttermost those fighting instincts that had given him the name of "Stone-wall Jarman" in his younger days.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

handiworknounUS /ˈhændiwɜːrk/

a work produced by hand labor

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading To thwart Jasper Jarman was to rouse to their uttermost those fighting instincts that had given him the name of "Stone-wall Jarman" in his younger days.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

instinctsnounUS /ˈɪnstɪŋkts/

plural of “instinct” — inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli

From this reading To thwart Jasper Jarman was to rouse to their uttermost those fighting instincts that had given him the name of "Stone-wall Jarman" in his younger days.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

Jarman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

JaspernounUS /ˈdʒæspər/

an opaque form of quartz; red or yellow or brown or dark green in color; used for ornamentation or as a gemstone

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

LETTERnounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Another trait common to self-made men was possessed by Jasper, he was an early riser.

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading To thwart Jasper Jarman was to rouse to their uttermost those fighting instincts that had given him the name of "Stone-wall Jarman" in his younger days.

NEWadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

pacingnounUS /ˈpeɪsɪŋ/

(music) the speed at which a composition is to be played

From this reading On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

possessedadjectiveUS /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading Another trait common to self-made men was possessed by Jasper, he was an early riser.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

relinquishingnounUS /riˈlɪŋkwɪʃɪŋ/

a verbal act of renouncing a claim or right or position etc.

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

risernounUS /ˈraɪzər/

a person who rises (especially from bed)

From this reading Another trait common to self-made men was possessed by Jasper, he was an early riser.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

rouseverbUS /raʊs/

become active

From this reading To thwart Jasper Jarman was to rouse to their uttermost those fighting instincts that had given him the name of "Stone-wall Jarman" in his younger days.

self-madeadjective

having achieved success or recognition by your own efforts

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

spoilsnounUS /spɔɪlz/

plural of “spoil” — (usually plural) valuables taken by violence (especially in war)

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

Stone-wall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To thwart Jasper Jarman was to rouse to their uttermost those fighting instincts that had given him the name of "Stone-wall Jarman" in his younger days.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading To thwart Jasper Jarman was to rouse to their uttermost those fighting instincts that had given him the name of "Stone-wall Jarman" in his younger days.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading To thwart Jasper Jarman was to rouse to their uttermost those fighting instincts that had given him the name of "Stone-wall Jarman" in his younger days.

thirty-fiveadjectiveUS /ˈθɜːrdifaɪv/

being five more than thirty

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading To thwart Jasper Jarman was to rouse to their uttermost those fighting instincts that had given him the name of "Stone-wall Jarman" in his younger days.

thwartnounUS /θwɔːrt/

a crosspiece spreading the gunnels of a boat; used as a seat in a rowboat

From this reading To thwart Jasper Jarman was to rouse to their uttermost those fighting instincts that had given him the name of "Stone-wall Jarman" in his younger days.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

traitnounUS /treɪt/

a distinguishing feature of your personal nature

From this reading Another trait common to self-made men was possessed by Jasper, he was an early riser.

trimverbUS /trɪm/

remove the edges from and cut down to the desired size

From this reading On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

uttermostadjective

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading To thwart Jasper Jarman was to rouse to their uttermost those fighting instincts that had given him the name of "Stone-wall Jarman" in his younger days.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

victorynounUS /ˈvɪktəri/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

walknounUS /wɔːk/

the act of traveling by foot

From this reading On the morning following his arrival at Adderbury Cottage he was abroad by seven, pacing up and down the trim box-bordered walk that ran round two sides of the house.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading During his early career Jasper had fought a bitter battle with the world; by thirty-five he had conquered it, and now in the evening of his days he was very averse to relinquishing any of the moral spoils of his victory.

YORKnounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading A LETTER FROM NEW YORK Jasper Jarman was a self-made man, and, like many another self-made man, had a very exalted opinion of his own handiwork.

youngeradjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡər/

used of the younger of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a son from his father

From this reading To thwart Jasper Jarman was to rouse to their uttermost those fighting instincts that had given him the name of "Stone-wall Jarman" in his younger days.

Chapter 4 of The Princess Galva: A Romance by David Whitelaw holds 106 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Princess Galva: A Romance contain?

Chapter 4 holds 106 sentences of The Princess Galva: A Romance, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Princess Galva: A Romance by David Whitelaw exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 106 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Princess Galva: A Romance?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Princess Galva: A Romance

Common questions about reading The Princess Galva: A Romance by David Whitelaw on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Princess Galva: A Romance?

Yes. All 3233 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34130 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Princess Galva: A Romance is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #34130, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Princess Galva: A Romance take to read?

About 269 minutes of reading across 647 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Princess Galva: A Romance section by section

How to work through The Princess Galva: A Romance section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 31 chapters of The Princess Galva: A Romance to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Princess Galva: A Romance

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Princess Galva: A Romance, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Princess Galva: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Valleys
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Princess Galva: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Romance
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Princess Galva: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Round
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Princess Galva: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.