Chapter XVIII

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On the borders of a dark forest, in the midst of fallen maples, a two-storied wooden palace had been hastily erected, with a few outhouses, some stables and a poultry yard.

feel admiration for

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It had been named in honour of its new mistress Tzaritzin.

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

plural of “border” — a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading On the borders of a dark forest, in the midst of fallen maples, a two-storied wooden palace had been hastily erected, with a few outhouses, some stables and a poultry yard.

inflected form of “buy” — obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

seemingly boundless in amount, number, degree, or especially extent

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

the act of buying

From this reading She, in buying it, intended it to take the place of the Muscovite Tzarskoë-selo.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

rid of obstructions

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

absence of light or illumination

From this reading On the borders of a dark forest, in the midst of fallen maples, a two-storied wooden palace had been hastily erected, with a few outhouses, some stables and a poultry yard.

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

a woman emperor or the wife of an emperor

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

past form of “erect” — construct, build, or erect

From this reading On the borders of a dark forest, in the midst of fallen maples, a two-storied wooden palace had been hastily erected, with a few outhouses, some stables and a poultry yard.

large in spatial extent or range or scope or quantity

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading On the borders of a dark forest, in the midst of fallen maples, a two-storied wooden palace had been hastily erected, with a few outhouses, some stables and a poultry yard.

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading On the borders of a dark forest, in the midst of fallen maples, a two-storied wooden palace had been hastily erected, with a few outhouses, some stables and a poultry yard.

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading On the borders of a dark forest, in the midst of fallen maples, a two-storied wooden palace had been hastily erected, with a few outhouses, some stables and a poultry yard.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

in a hurried or hasty manner

From this reading On the borders of a dark forest, in the midst of fallen maples, a two-storied wooden palace had been hastily erected, with a few outhouses, some stables and a poultry yard.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

the state of being honored

From this reading It had been named in honour of its new mistress Tzaritzin.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

resulting from one's intentions

From this reading She, in buying it, intended it to take the place of the Muscovite Tzarskoë-selo.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It had been named in honour of its new mistress Tzaritzin.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It had been named in honour of its new mistress Tzaritzin.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

plural of “maple” — wood of any of various maple trees; especially the hard close-grained wood of the sugar maple; used especially for furniture and flooring

From this reading On the borders of a dark forest, in the midst of fallen maples, a two-storied wooden palace had been hastily erected, with a few outhouses, some stables and a poultry yard.

the location of something surrounded by other things

From this reading On the borders of a dark forest, in the midst of fallen maples, a two-storied wooden palace had been hastily erected, with a few outhouses, some stables and a poultry yard.

an adulterous woman; a woman who has an ongoing extramarital sexual relationship with a man

From this reading It had been named in honour of its new mistress Tzaritzin.

a city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

plural of “mower” — garden tool for mowing grass on lawns

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

a colorless or pale brown mica with potassium

From this reading She, in buying it, intended it to take the place of the Muscovite Tzarskoë-selo.

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading It had been named in honour of its new mistress Tzaritzin.

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading It had been named in honour of its new mistress Tzaritzin.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the borders of a dark forest, in the midst of fallen maples, a two-storied wooden palace had been hastily erected, with a few outhouses, some stables and a poultry yard.

plural of “outhouse” — a small outbuilding with a bench having holes through which a user can defecate

From this reading On the borders of a dark forest, in the midst of fallen maples, a two-storied wooden palace had been hastily erected, with a few outhouses, some stables and a poultry yard.

a large and stately mansion

From this reading On the borders of a dark forest, in the midst of fallen maples, a two-storied wooden palace had been hastily erected, with a few outhouses, some stables and a poultry yard.

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading She, in buying it, intended it to take the place of the Muscovite Tzarskoë-selo.

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

a domesticated gallinaceous bird thought to be descended from the red jungle fowl

From this reading On the borders of a dark forest, in the midst of fallen maples, a two-storied wooden palace had been hastily erected, with a few outhouses, some stables and a poultry yard.

the state of being present; current existence

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

protected from heat and light with shade or shadow

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

plural of “shirt” — a garment worn on the upper half of the body

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading On the borders of a dark forest, in the midst of fallen maples, a two-storied wooden palace had been hastily erected, with a few outhouses, some stables and a poultry yard.

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

plural of “stable” — a farm building for housing horses or other livestock

From this reading On the borders of a dark forest, in the midst of fallen maples, a two-storied wooden palace had been hastily erected, with a few outhouses, some stables and a poultry yard.

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

carry out

From this reading She, in buying it, intended it to take the place of the Muscovite Tzarskoë-selo.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

in or at that place or location

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading She, in buying it, intended it to take the place of the Muscovite Tzarskoë-selo.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the borders of a dark forest, in the midst of fallen maples, a two-storied wooden palace had been hastily erected, with a few outhouses, some stables and a poultry yard.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had been named in honour of its new mistress Tzaritzin.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She, in buying it, intended it to take the place of the Muscovite Tzarskoë-selo.

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

a Caucasian

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

in the company of; together with

From this reading _EKATERINA AT MOSCOW._ The Empress Ekaterina spent the summer of 1775 in the _alentours_ of Moscow, honouring with her presence the village of Kolomensk, and then that of Chërnaya-griaz, which she had bought from Prince Kantomir.

covered with growing trees and bushes etc

From this reading From the windows of her new palace the empress could admire the extensive and deep clear lakelets shaded by wooded hills, the boundless newly-mown plains, with, scattered here and there, the white shirts of the mowers, and the blue and red _sarafans_ of the hay-makers.

made or consisting of (entirely or in part) or employing wood

From this reading On the borders of a dark forest, in the midst of fallen maples, a two-storied wooden palace had been hastily erected, with a few outhouses, some stables and a poultry yard.

a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading On the borders of a dark forest, in the midst of fallen maples, a two-storied wooden palace had been hastily erected, with a few outhouses, some stables and a poultry yard.