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The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07
The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07 is here in full — 334 sentences across 67 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07
Context Illustration Reading 1/66 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz.
The admiral of the Biscaine squadron, was Britandona.
Of the squadron of Siuil, the Marques of Arumburch.
The Hulkes and Flybotes were commanded by Luis Coutinho.
There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07 is here in full — 334 sentences across 67 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/66 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz.
Line 2
The admiral of the Biscaine squadron, was Britandona.
Line 3
Of the squadron of Siuil, the Marques of Arumburch.
Line 4
The Hulkes and Flybotes were commanded by Luis Coutinho.
Line 5
There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

admiral noun US /ˈædmərəl/

the supreme commander of a fleet; ranks above a vice admiral and below a fleet admiral

From this reading “The admiral of the Biscaine squadron, was Britandona.”

Armada noun US /ɑːrˈmɑːdə/

a large fleet

From this reading “The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz.”

commander noun US /kəˈmændər/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading “The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz.”

commanders noun US /kəˈmændərz/

plural of “commander” — an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading “There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.”

drowned verb US /draʊnd/

past form of “drown” — cover completely or make imperceptible

From this reading “There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.”

Marques noun US /mɑːrks/

plural of “marque” — a name given to a product or service

From this reading “The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz.”

Santa noun US /ˈsæntə/

the legendary patron saint of children; an imaginary being who is thought to bring presents to children at Christmas

From this reading “The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz.”

squadron noun US /ˈskwɑːdrən/

a cavalry unit consisting of two or more troops and headquarters and supporting arms

From this reading “The admiral of the Biscaine squadron, was Britandona.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

admiralnounUS /ˈædmərəl/

the supreme commander of a fleet; ranks above a vice admiral and below a fleet admiral

From this reading The admiral of the Biscaine squadron, was Britandona.

Alphonso

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Hulkes and Flybotes were commanded by Luis Coutinho.

ArmadanounUS /ɑːrˈmɑːdə/

a large fleet

From this reading The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz.

Arumburch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of the squadron of Siuil, the Marques of Arumburch.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

Baçan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz.

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

Biscaine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The admiral of the Biscaine squadron, was Britandona.

Britandona

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The admiral of the Biscaine squadron, was Britandona.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Hulkes and Flybotes were commanded by Luis Coutinho.

captaine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

commandedverbUS /kəˈmændɪd/

past form of “command” — be in command of

From this reading The Hulkes and Flybotes were commanded by Luis Coutinho.

commandernounUS /kəˈmændər/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz.

commandersnounUS /kəˈmændərz/

plural of “commander” — an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

confesseth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

Coutinho

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Hulkes and Flybotes were commanded by Luis Coutinho.

Cruz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

diuers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

DonnounUS /dɑːn/

a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz.

drownedverbUS /draʊnd/

past form of “drown” — cover completely or make imperceptible

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

enemiesnounUS /ˈenəmiz/

plural of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

Flybotes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Hulkes and Flybotes were commanded by Luis Coutinho.

generall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

Hulkes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Hulkes and Flybotes were commanded by Luis Coutinho.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

Iohn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

Luis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Hulkes and Flybotes were commanded by Luis Coutinho.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

Mallaga

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

MarquesnounUS /mɑːrks/

plural of “marque” — a name given to a product or service

From this reading The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz.

neere

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

Prunaria

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

reportverbUS /riˈpɔːrt/

to give an account or representation of in words

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

sant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

SantanounUS /ˈsæntə/

the legendary patron saint of children; an imaginary being who is thought to bring presents to children at Christmas

From this reading The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz.

Siuil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of the squadron of Siuil, the Marques of Arumburch.

slaine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

speciall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

squadronnounUS /ˈskwɑːdrən/

a cavalry unit consisting of two or more troops and headquarters and supporting arms

From this reading The admiral of the Biscaine squadron, was Britandona.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The generall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Baçan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Hulkes and Flybotes were commanded by Luis Coutinho.

whereof

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant Iohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as yet report is not made.

Chapter 3 of The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07 by Richard Hakluyt holds 334 sentences, grouped into 67 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07 contain?

Chapter 3 holds 334 sentences of The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07, unabridged, divided into 67 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07 by Richard Hakluyt exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 334 sentences, grouped into 67 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07?

Work through the 67 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 67 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07

Common questions about reading The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07 by Richard Hakluyt on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07?

Yes. All 1807 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9148 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9148, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07 take to read?

About 150 minutes of reading across 362 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07 section by section

How to work through The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Vowels
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Macrons
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Vowel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Latin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques — Volume 07; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.