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The Professor at the Breakfast-Table
The Professor at the Breakfast-Table

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of The Professor at the Breakfast-Table is here in full — 118 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
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A short Lecture on Phrenology, read to the Boarders at our Breakfast-Table.
I shall begin, my friends, with the definition of a Pseudo-science.
A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.
It is invariably connected with some lucrative practical application.
Its professors and practitioners are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public, but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Professor at the Breakfast-Table

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of The Professor at the Breakfast-Table is here in full — 118 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A short Lecture on Phrenology, read to the Boarders at our Breakfast-Table.
Line 2
I shall begin, my friends, with the definition of a Pseudo-science.
Line 3
A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.
Line 4
It is invariably connected with some lucrative practical application.
/ɪt ɪz ˌɪnˈveriəbli kəˈnektɪd wɪð sʌm ˈluːkrətɪv ˈpræktəkəl ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən/
Line 5
Its professors and practitioners are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public, but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.
/ɪts prəˈfesərz ənd prækˈtɪʃənərz ɑːr ˈjuːʒəwəli ʃruːd ˈpiːpəl ðeɪ ɑːr ˈveri ˈsɪriəs wɪð ðə ˈpʌblɪk bʌt wɪŋk ənd læf ə ɡʊd diːl əˈmʌŋ ðemˈselvz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Boarders noun US /ˈbɔːrdərz/

plural of “boarder” — a tenant in someone's house

From this reading “A short Lecture on Phrenology, read to the Boarders at our Breakfast-Table.”

definition noun US /ˌdefəˈnɪʃən/

a concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol

From this reading “I shall begin, my friends, with the definition of a Pseudo-science.”

doctrines noun US /ˈdɑːktrənz/

plural of “doctrine” — a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

From this reading “A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.”

excluded verb US /ɪkˈskluːdəd/

past form of “exclude” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading “A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.”

favors noun US /ˈfeɪvərz/

plural of “favor” — an act of gracious kindness

From this reading “A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.”

lucrative adjective US /ˈluːkrətɪv/

producing a sizeable profit

From this reading “It is invariably connected with some lucrative practical application.”

nomenclature noun US /ˈnoʊmənkleɪtʃər/

a system of words used to name things in a particular discipline

From this reading “A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.”

practitioners noun US /prækˈtɪʃənərz/

plural of “practitioner” — someone who practices a learned profession

From this reading “Its professors and practitioners are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public, but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A short Lecture on Phrenology, read to the Boarders at our Breakfast-Table.

admittedverbUS /ədˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “admit” — declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Its professors and practitioners are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public, but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

applicationnounUS /ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən/

the act of bringing something to bear; using it for a particular purpose

From this reading It is invariably connected with some lucrative practical application.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Its professors and practitioners are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public, but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.

arrangementnounUS /ərˈeɪndʒmənt/

the thing arranged or agreed to

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading A short Lecture on Phrenology, read to the Boarders at our Breakfast-Table.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading I shall begin, my friends, with the definition of a Pseudo-science.

BoardersnounUS /ˈbɔːrdərz/

plural of “boarder” — a tenant in someone's house

From this reading A short Lecture on Phrenology, read to the Boarders at our Breakfast-Table.

Breakfast-Table

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A short Lecture on Phrenology, read to the Boarders at our Breakfast-Table.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Its professors and practitioners are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public, but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

connectedadjectiveUS /kəˈnektɪd/

being joined in close association

From this reading It is invariably connected with some lucrative practical application.

consistsverbUS /kənˈsɪsts/

third-person singular of “consist” — originate

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading Its professors and practitioners are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public, but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.

definitionnounUS /ˌdefəˈnɪʃən/

a concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol

From this reading I shall begin, my friends, with the definition of a Pseudo-science.

doctrinesnounUS /ˈdɑːktrənz/

plural of “doctrine” — a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

evidencenounUS /ˈevədəns/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

excludedverbUS /ɪkˈskluːdəd/

past form of “exclude” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

favorsnounUS /ˈfeɪvərz/

plural of “favor” — an act of gracious kindness

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading I shall begin, my friends, with the definition of a Pseudo-science.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Its professors and practitioners are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public, but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I shall begin, my friends, with the definition of a Pseudo-science.

invariablyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈveriəbli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading It is invariably connected with some lucrative practical application.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

laughnounUS /læf/

the sound of laughing

From this reading Its professors and practitioners are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public, but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.

LectureverbUS /ˈlektʃər/

deliver a lecture or talk

From this reading A short Lecture on Phrenology, read to the Boarders at our Breakfast-Table.

lucrativeadjectiveUS /ˈluːkrətɪv/

producing a sizeable profit

From this reading It is invariably connected with some lucrative practical application.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I shall begin, my friends, with the definition of a Pseudo-science.

negativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɡətɪv/

characterized by or displaying negation or denial or opposition or resistance; having no positive features

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

nomenclaturenounUS /ˈnoʊmənkleɪtʃər/

a system of words used to name things in a particular discipline

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I shall begin, my friends, with the definition of a Pseudo-science.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A short Lecture on Phrenology, read to the Boarders at our Breakfast-Table.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading A short Lecture on Phrenology, read to the Boarders at our Breakfast-Table.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Its professors and practitioners are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public, but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.

Phrenologynoun

a now abandoned study of the shape of skull as indicative of the strengths of different faculties

From this reading A short Lecture on Phrenology, read to the Boarders at our Breakfast-Table.

positiveadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːzətɪv/

characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc.

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

practicaladjectiveUS /ˈpræktəkəl/

concerned with actual use or practice

From this reading It is invariably connected with some lucrative practical application.

practitionersnounUS /prækˈtɪʃənərz/

plural of “practitioner” — someone who practices a learned profession

From this reading Its professors and practitioners are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public, but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.

professorsnounUS /prəˈfesərz/

plural of “professor” — someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading Its professors and practitioners are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public, but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.

Pseudo-science

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I shall begin, my friends, with the definition of a Pseudo-science.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading Its professors and practitioners are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public, but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading A short Lecture on Phrenology, read to the Boarders at our Breakfast-Table.

self-adjusting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading Its professors and practitioners are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public, but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading I shall begin, my friends, with the definition of a Pseudo-science.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading A short Lecture on Phrenology, read to the Boarders at our Breakfast-Table.

shrewdadjectiveUS /ʃruːd/

marked by practical hardheaded intelligence

From this reading Its professors and practitioners are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public, but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It is invariably connected with some lucrative practical application.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

tellsnounUS /telz/

plural of “tell” — a Swiss patriot who lived in the early 14th century and who was renowned for his skill as an archer

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A short Lecture on Phrenology, read to the Boarders at our Breakfast-Table.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Its professors and practitioners are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public, but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Its professors and practitioners are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public, but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A short Lecture on Phrenology, read to the Boarders at our Breakfast-Table.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading Its professors and practitioners are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public, but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Its professors and practitioners are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public, but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells against it, is excluded.

winkverbUS /wɪŋk/

signal by winking

From this reading Its professors and practitioners are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public, but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I shall begin, my friends, with the definition of a Pseudo-science.

Chapter 18 of The Professor at the Breakfast-Table by Oliver Wendell Holmes holds 118 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of The Professor at the Breakfast-Table contain?

Chapter 18 holds 118 sentences of The Professor at the Breakfast-Table, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of The Professor at the Breakfast-Table by Oliver Wendell Holmes exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 118 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of The Professor at the Breakfast-Table?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Professor at the Breakfast-Table

Common questions about reading The Professor at the Breakfast-Table by Oliver Wendell Holmes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #2665, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 312 minutes of reading across 749 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Professor at the Breakfast-Table

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Professor at the Breakfast-Table, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Reader
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Professor at the Breakfast-Table; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
To-day
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Professor at the Breakfast-Table; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Forget
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Professor at the Breakfast-Table; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Trust
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Professor at the Breakfast-Table; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.