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The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06
The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06 is here in full — 127 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06
Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
TO THE SHOP-KEEPERS, TRADESMEN, FARMERS, AND COMMON-PEOPLE OF IRELAND.
NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.
It has been indignantly denied by contemporary writers that this small change meant copper coins.
They asserted that there was no lack of copper money, but that there was a great want of small silver.
Be that as it may, the report that small change was wanting was sufficiently substantiated to the English government to warrant it to proceed to satisfy the want.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06 is here in full — 127 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
TO THE SHOP-KEEPERS, TRADESMEN, FARMERS, AND COMMON-PEOPLE OF IRELAND.
Line 2
NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.
Line 3
It has been indignantly denied by contemporary writers that this small change meant copper coins.
/ɪt hæz bɪn ˌɪnˈdɪɡnəntliː dɪˈnaɪd baɪ kənˈtempəreri ˈraɪtərz ðæt ðɪs smɔːl tʃeɪndʒ ment ˈkɑːpər kɔɪnz/
Line 4
They asserted that there was no lack of copper money, but that there was a great want of small silver.
/ðeɪ əˈsɜːrtɪd ðæt ðer wɑːz noʊ læk ʌv ˈkɑːpər ˈmʌni bʌt ðæt ðer wɑːz ə ɡreɪt wɑːnt ʌv smɔːl ˈsɪlvər/
Line 5
Be that as it may, the report that small change was wanting was sufficiently substantiated to the English government to warrant it to proceed to satisfy the want.
/biː ðæt æz ɪt meɪ ðə riˈpɔːrt ðæt smɔːl tʃeɪndʒ wɑːz ˈwɑːntɪŋ wɑːz səˈfɪʃəntli səbˈstænʃieɪtɪd tuː ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈɡʌvərmənt tuː ˈwɔːrənt ɪt tuː prəˈsiːd tuː ˈsætəsfaɪ ðə wɑːnt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

coins noun US /kɔɪnz/

plural of “coin” — a flat metal piece (usually a disc) used as money

From this reading “It has been indignantly denied by contemporary writers that this small change meant copper coins.”

contemporary adjective US /kənˈtempəreri/

characteristic of the present

From this reading “It has been indignantly denied by contemporary writers that this small change meant copper coins.”

dealings noun US /ˈdiːlɪŋz/

social or verbal interchange (usually followed by “with”)

From this reading “NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.”

farmers noun US /ˈfɑːrmərz/

plural of “farmer” — a person who operates a farm

From this reading “TO THE SHOP-KEEPERS, TRADESMEN, FARMERS, AND COMMON-PEOPLE OF IRELAND.”

shopkeepers noun US /ˈʃɑːpkiːpərz/

plural of “shopkeeper” — a merchant who owns or manages a shop

From this reading “NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.”

substantiated verb US /səbˈstænʃieɪtɪd/

past form of “substantiate” — establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts

From this reading “Be that as it may, the report that small change was wanting was sufficiently substantiated to the English government to warrant it to proceed to satisfy the want.”

tradesmen noun US /ˈtreɪdzmən/

plural of “tradesman” — a merchant who owns or manages a shop

From this reading “TO THE SHOP-KEEPERS, TRADESMEN, FARMERS, AND COMMON-PEOPLE OF IRELAND.”

transaction noun US /trænˈzækʃən/

the act of transacting within or between groups (as carrying on commercial activities)

From this reading “NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1720

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

AboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

acknowledgedadjectiveUS /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒd/

recognized or made known or admitted

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading TO THE SHOP-KEEPERS, TRADESMEN, FARMERS, AND COMMON-PEOPLE OF IRELAND.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Be that as it may, the report that small change was wanting was sufficiently substantiated to the English government to warrant it to proceed to satisfy the want.

assertedadjectiveUS /əˈsɜːrtɪd/

confidently declared to be so

From this reading They asserted that there was no lack of copper money, but that there was a great want of small silver.

Beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Be that as it may, the report that small change was wanting was sufficiently substantiated to the English government to warrant it to proceed to satisfy the want.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It has been indignantly denied by contemporary writers that this small change meant copper coins.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They asserted that there was no lack of copper money, but that there was a great want of small silver.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It has been indignantly denied by contemporary writers that this small change meant copper coins.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

coinsnounUS /kɔɪnz/

plural of “coin” — a flat metal piece (usually a disc) used as money

From this reading It has been indignantly denied by contemporary writers that this small change meant copper coins.

COMMON-PEOPLE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading TO THE SHOP-KEEPERS, TRADESMEN, FARMERS, AND COMMON-PEOPLE OF IRELAND.

contemporaryadjectiveUS /kənˈtempəreri/

characteristic of the present

From this reading It has been indignantly denied by contemporary writers that this small change meant copper coins.

coppernounUS /ˈkɑːpər/

a ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor

From this reading It has been indignantly denied by contemporary writers that this small change meant copper coins.

dealingsnounUS /ˈdiːlɪŋz/

social or verbal interchange (usually followed by “with”)

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

deniedverbUS /dɪˈnaɪd/

inflected form of “deny” — declare untrue; contradict

From this reading It has been indignantly denied by contemporary writers that this small change meant copper coins.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Be that as it may, the report that small change was wanting was sufficiently substantiated to the English government to warrant it to proceed to satisfy the want.

FARMERSnounUS /ˈfɑːrmərz/

plural of “farmer” — a person who operates a farm

From this reading TO THE SHOP-KEEPERS, TRADESMEN, FARMERS, AND COMMON-PEOPLE OF IRELAND.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Be that as it may, the report that small change was wanting was sufficiently substantiated to the English government to warrant it to proceed to satisfy the want.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading They asserted that there was no lack of copper money, but that there was a great want of small silver.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It has been indignantly denied by contemporary writers that this small change meant copper coins.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

indignantlyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdɪɡnəntliː/

in an indignant manner

From this reading It has been indignantly denied by contemporary writers that this small change meant copper coins.

IRELANDnounUS /ˈaɪərlənd/

a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921

From this reading TO THE SHOP-KEEPERS, TRADESMEN, FARMERS, AND COMMON-PEOPLE OF IRELAND.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

lacknounUS /læk/

the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable

From this reading They asserted that there was no lack of copper money, but that there was a great want of small silver.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Be that as it may, the report that small change was wanting was sufficiently substantiated to the English government to warrant it to proceed to satisfy the want.

meantverbUS /ment/

inflected form of “mean” — mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading It has been indignantly denied by contemporary writers that this small change meant copper coins.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading They asserted that there was no lack of copper money, but that there was a great want of small silver.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading They asserted that there was no lack of copper money, but that there was a great want of small silver.

NOTEnounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading TO THE SHOP-KEEPERS, TRADESMEN, FARMERS, AND COMMON-PEOPLE OF IRELAND.

pettyadjectiveUS /ˈpetiː/

inferior in rank or status

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

proceedverbUS /prəˈsiːd/

continue talking

From this reading Be that as it may, the report that small change was wanting was sufficiently substantiated to the English government to warrant it to proceed to satisfy the want.

reportverbUS /riˈpɔːrt/

to give an account or representation of in words

From this reading Be that as it may, the report that small change was wanting was sufficiently substantiated to the English government to warrant it to proceed to satisfy the want.

satisfyverbUS /ˈsætəsfaɪ/

meet the requirements or expectations of

From this reading Be that as it may, the report that small change was wanting was sufficiently substantiated to the English government to warrant it to proceed to satisfy the want.

SHOP-KEEPERS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading TO THE SHOP-KEEPERS, TRADESMEN, FARMERS, AND COMMON-PEOPLE OF IRELAND.

shopkeepersnounUS /ˈʃɑːpkiːpərz/

plural of “shopkeeper” — a merchant who owns or manages a shop

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

silvernounUS /ˈsɪlvər/

a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography

From this reading They asserted that there was no lack of copper money, but that there was a great want of small silver.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

substantiatedverbUS /səbˈstænʃieɪtɪd/

past form of “substantiate” — establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts

From this reading Be that as it may, the report that small change was wanting was sufficiently substantiated to the English government to warrant it to proceed to satisfy the want.

sufficientlyadverbUS /səˈfɪʃəntli/

to a sufficient degree

From this reading Be that as it may, the report that small change was wanting was sufficiently substantiated to the English government to warrant it to proceed to satisfy the want.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading TO THE SHOP-KEEPERS, TRADESMEN, FARMERS, AND COMMON-PEOPLE OF IRELAND.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They asserted that there was no lack of copper money, but that there was a great want of small silver.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It has been indignantly denied by contemporary writers that this small change meant copper coins.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading TO THE SHOP-KEEPERS, TRADESMEN, FARMERS, AND COMMON-PEOPLE OF IRELAND.

TRADESMENnounUS /ˈtreɪdzmən/

plural of “tradesman” — a merchant who owns or manages a shop

From this reading TO THE SHOP-KEEPERS, TRADESMEN, FARMERS, AND COMMON-PEOPLE OF IRELAND.

transactionnounUS /trænˈzækʃən/

the act of transacting within or between groups (as carrying on commercial activities)

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

wantingadjectiveUS /ˈwɑːntɪŋ/

nonexistent

From this reading Be that as it may, the report that small change was wanting was sufficiently substantiated to the English government to warrant it to proceed to satisfy the want.

warrantnounUS /ˈwɔːrənt/

a writ from a court commanding police to perform specified acts

From this reading Be that as it may, the report that small change was wanting was sufficiently substantiated to the English government to warrant it to proceed to satisfy the want.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading It has been indignantly denied by contemporary writers that this small change meant copper coins.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading NOTE About the year 1720 it was generally acknowledged in Ireland that there was a want there of the small change, necessary in the transaction of petty dealings with shopkeepers and tradesmen.

Chapter 1 of The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06 by Jonathan Swift holds 127 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 127 sentences of The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06 by Jonathan Swift exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 127 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06

Common questions about reading The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06 by Jonathan Swift on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06?

Yes. All 2446 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12784 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12784, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06 take to read?

About 203 minutes of reading across 490 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06 section by section

How to work through The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Shop-keepers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tradesmen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Farmers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Common-people
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.