Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06
The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06

Chapter VIII

Cover illustration for The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06
Context Illustration Reading 1/64 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A LETTER TO THE WHOLE PEOPLE OF IRELAND.
MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.
A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.
Hence proceeds that poverty and lowness of spirit, to which a kingdom may be subject as well as a particular person.
And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. — Volume 06

Chapter VIII

Reading 1/64 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A LETTER TO THE WHOLE PEOPLE OF IRELAND.
Line 2
MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.
Line 3
A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.
Line 4
Hence proceeds that poverty and lowness of spirit, to which a kingdom may be subject as well as a particular person.
Line 5
And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Already noun US /already/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.”

Hand noun US /hand/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.”

Having auxiliary verb US /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading “MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.”

Hence adverb US /hens/

for this reason

From this reading “Hence proceeds that poverty and lowness of spirit, to which a kingdom may be subject as well as a particular person.”

Liberty noun US /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading “A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.”

Long noun US /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.”

Look noun US /look/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.”

May modal verb US /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading “Hence proceeds that poverty and lowness of spirit, to which a kingdom may be subject as well as a particular person.”

Must modal verb US /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.”

Point noun US /pɔɪnt/

the main matter or purpose being discussed

From this reading “And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.”

Themselves pronoun US /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading “A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.”

Well noun US /well/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A LETTER TO THE WHOLE PEOPLE OF IRELAND.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

alreadynounUS /already/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

applied

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

birthright

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

came

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.

conceived

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

constitutions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

cordials

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

COUNTRYMEN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

creatures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

DEAR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

degrees

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

die

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.

disagreeable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

end

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

Esau

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.

fainting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.

field

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.

find

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.

frequently

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.

halfpence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

hand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

hardships

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.

HenceadverbUS /hens/

for this reason

From this reading Hence proceeds that poverty and lowness of spirit, to which a kingdom may be subject as well as a particular person.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

impositions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

IRELAND

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A LETTER TO THE WHOLE PEOPLE OF IRELAND.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.

kingdom

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hence proceeds that poverty and lowness of spirit, to which a kingdom may be subject as well as a particular person.

laid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

legal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

LETTER

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A LETTER TO THE WHOLE PEOPLE OF IRELAND.

letters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

longnounUS /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

looknounUS /look/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

lose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

lowness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hence proceeds that poverty and lowness of spirit, to which a kingdom may be subject as well as a particular person.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Hence proceeds that poverty and lowness of spirit, to which a kingdom may be subject as well as a particular person.

mercy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

mess

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.

Mr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

natural

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.

notions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

obligatory

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A LETTER TO THE WHOLE PEOPLE OF IRELAND.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

particular

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hence proceeds that poverty and lowness of spirit, to which a kingdom may be subject as well as a particular person.

PEOPLE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A LETTER TO THE WHOLE PEOPLE OF IRELAND.

person

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hence proceeds that poverty and lowness of spirit, to which a kingdom may be subject as well as a particular person.

phrase

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

the main matter or purpose being discussed

From this reading And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.

political

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

pottage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.

poverty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hence proceeds that poverty and lowness of spirit, to which a kingdom may be subject as well as a particular person.

proceeds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hence proceeds that poverty and lowness of spirit, to which a kingdom may be subject as well as a particular person.

Report

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

sold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.

spirit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hence proceeds that poverty and lowness of spirit, to which a kingdom may be subject as well as a particular person.

stronger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

subject

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

task

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A LETTER TO THE WHOLE PEOPLE OF IRELAND.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

three

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A LETTER TO THE WHOLE PEOPLE OF IRELAND.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

used

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

very

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A people long used to hardships, lose by degrees the very notions of liberty, they look upon themselves as creatures at mercy, and that all impositions laid on them by a stronger hand, are, in the phrase of the Report, legal and obligatory.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

weak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

well

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Hence proceeds that poverty and lowness of spirit, to which a kingdom may be subject as well as a particular person.

WHOLE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A LETTER TO THE WHOLE PEOPLE OF IRELAND.

wonder

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And when Esau came fainting from the field at the point to die, it is no wonder that he sold his birthright for a mess of pottage.

Wood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.

written

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR COUNTRYMEN, Having already written three letters upon so disagreeable a subject as Mr. Wood and his halfpence; I conceived my task was at an end: But I find, that cordials must be frequently applied to weak constitutions, political as well as natural.