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The Putnam Tradition
The Putnam Tradition

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Putnam Tradition is here in full — 163 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Through generations the power has descended, now weaker, now stronger.
And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.
Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.
Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.
Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Putnam Tradition

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Putnam Tradition is here in full — 163 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Through generations the power has descended, now weaker, now stronger.
/θruː ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz ðə ˈpaʊər hæz dɪˈsendəd naʊ ˈwiːkər naʊ ˈstrɔːŋər/
Line 2
And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.
Line 3
Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.
Line 4
Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.
Line 5
Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

askance adverb US /əˈskæns/

with suspicion or disapproval

From this reading “Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.”

beetles noun US /ˈbiːtəlz/

plural of “beetle” — insect having biting mouthparts and front wings modified to form horny covers overlying the membranous rear wings

From this reading “Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.”

doorstep noun US /ˈdɔːrstep/

the sill of a door; a horizontal piece of wood or stone that forms the bottom of a doorway and offers support when passing through a doorway

From this reading “Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.”

granddaughter noun US /ˈɡrændɔːtər/

a female grandchild

From this reading “Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.”

grooves noun US /ɡruːvz/

plural of “groove” — a long narrow furrow cut either by a natural process (such as erosion) or by a tool (as e.g. a groove in a phonograph record)

From this reading “Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.”

lilacs noun US /ˈlaɪlæks/

plural of “lilac” — any of various plants of the genus Syringa having large panicles of usually fragrant flowers

From this reading “Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.”

weakened adjective US /ˈwiːkənd/

impaired by diminution

From this reading “Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.”

weaker adjective US /ˈwiːkər/

comparative of “weak” — wanting in physical strength

From this reading “_Through generations the power has descended, now weaker, now stronger.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

hundred yards noun + noun counted as “hundred yard”

In this reading “Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.”

telephone wires noun + noun counted as “telephone wire”

the wire that carries telegraph and telephone signals

In this reading “Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.”

two hundred noun + noun

being ten more than one hundred ninety

In this reading “Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.”

old woman adjective + noun

a woman who is old

In this reading “Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.”

cold nights adjective + noun

In this reading “Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.”

looked at verb + particle counted as “look at”

take into consideration for exemplifying purposes

In this reading “Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.”

old house adjective + noun

In this reading “And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.”

in the garden preposition + article + noun counted as “in … garden”

In this reading “And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

askanceadverbUS /əˈskæns/

with suspicion or disapproval

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.

beetlesnounUS /ˈbiːtəlz/

plural of “beetle” — insect having biting mouthparts and front wings modified to form horny covers overlying the membranous rear wings

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

breakingnounUS /ˈbreɪkɪŋ/

the act of breaking something

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

Cecily

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

cellos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

concertnounUS /ˈkɑːnsərt/

a performance of music by players or singers not involving theatrical staging

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

descendedverbUS /dɪˈsendəd/

past form of “descend” — move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading _Through generations the power has descended, now weaker, now stronger.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

doorstepnounUS /ˈdɔːrstep/

the sill of a door; a horizontal piece of wood or stone that forms the bottom of a doorway and offers support when passing through a doorway

From this reading Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

four-laneadjective

having two lanes for traffic in each direction

From this reading Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.

four-year-oldadjective

four years of age

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

generationnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

generationsnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “generation” — all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading _Through generations the power has descended, now weaker, now stronger.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

granddaughternounUS /ˈɡrændɔːtər/

a female grandchild

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

grandmothernounUS /ˈɡrændmʌðər/

the mother of your father or mother

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

great-granddaughter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

groovesnounUS /ɡruːvz/

plural of “groove” — a long narrow furrow cut either by a natural process (such as erosion) or by a tool (as e.g. a groove in a phonograph record)

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Through generations the power has descended, now weaker, now stronger.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

highwaynounUS /ˈhaɪweɪ/

a major road for any form of motor transport

From this reading Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.

husbandnounUS /ˈhʌzbənd/

a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

insideadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on the side closer to the center or within a defined space

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

lilacsnounUS /ˈlaɪlæks/

plural of “lilac” — any of various plants of the genus Syringa having large panicles of usually fragrant flowers

From this reading Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

literallyadverbUS /ˈlɪtərəli/

in a literal sense

From this reading Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.

LongadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

matriarchs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.

nightsnounUS /naɪts/

Periods of darkness between sunset and sunrise.

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

NinanounUS /ˈniːnə/

the Babylonian goddess of the watery deep and daughter of Ea

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading _Through generations the power has descended, now weaker, now stronger.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

pienounUS /paɪ/

dish baked in pastry-lined pan often with a pastry top

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

platenounUS /pleɪt/

(baseball) base consisting of a rubber slab where the batter stands; it must be touched by a base runner in order to score

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

playingnounUS /ˈpleɪɪŋ/

the act of playing a musical instrument

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading _Through generations the power has descended, now weaker, now stronger.

ProgressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.

Putnam

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

Putnam's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

signnounUS /saɪn/

a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

Simone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

soundedverbUS /ˈsaʊndɪd/

past form of “sound” — appear in a certain way

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

strongeradjectiveUS /ˈstrɔːŋər/

comparative of “strong” — having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading _Through generations the power has descended, now weaker, now stronger.

successionnounUS /səkˈseʃən/

a following of one thing after another in time

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

telephonenounUS /ˈteləfoʊn/

electronic equipment that converts sound into electrical signals that can be transmitted over distances and then converts received signals back into sounds

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Through generations the power has descended, now weaker, now stronger.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

ThroughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading _Through generations the power has descended, now weaker, now stronger.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

traditionnounUS /trəˈdɪʃən/

an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.

unbrokenadjectiveUS /ənˈbroʊkən/

marked by continuous or uninterrupted extension in space or time or sequence

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

waitingnounUS /ˈweɪtɪŋ/

the act of waiting (remaining inactive in one place while expecting something)

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

weakenedadjectiveUS /ˈwiːkənd/

impaired by diminution

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

weakeradjectiveUS /ˈwiːkər/

comparative of “weak” — wanting in physical strength

From this reading _Through generations the power has descended, now weaker, now stronger.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

wiresnounUS /ˈwaɪərz/

plural of “wire” — ligament made of metal and used to fasten things or make cages or fences etc

From this reading Long before that, in the time of Cecily Putnam's husband, power lines had been run in, and now on cold nights the telephone wires sounded like a concert of cellos, while inside with a sound like the breaking of beetles, the grandmother Cecily moved through the walls in the grooves of tradition.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Simone Putnam, her granddaughter; Nina Putnam, her great-granddaughter; the unbroken succession of matriarchs continued, but times the old woman thought that in Simone it was weakened, and she looked at the four-year-old Nina askance, waiting, waiting, for some good sign.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading And which way did the power run in the four-year-old in the garden, playing with a pie plate?_ It was an old house not far from the coast, and had descended generation by generation to the women of the Putnam family.

yardsnounUS /jɑːrdz/

plural of “yard” — a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading Progress literally went by it: a new four-lane highway had been built two hundred yards from the ancient lilacs at the doorstep.

Chapter 1 of The Putnam Tradition by Sonya Dorman holds 163 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Putnam Tradition contain?

Chapter 1 holds 163 sentences of The Putnam Tradition, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Putnam Tradition by Sonya Dorman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 163 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Putnam Tradition?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Putnam Tradition

Common questions about reading The Putnam Tradition by Sonya Dorman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Putnam Tradition?

Yes. All 163 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26743 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Putnam Tradition is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26743, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Putnam Tradition take to read?

About 13 minutes of reading across 33 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Putnam Tradition section by section

How to work through The Putnam Tradition section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of The Putnam Tradition to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Putnam Tradition

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Putnam Tradition, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Through
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Putnam Tradition; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Generations
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Putnam Tradition; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Power
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Putnam Tradition; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Descended
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Putnam Tradition; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.