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The puzzle of life and how it has been put together
The puzzle of life and how it has been put together

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of The puzzle of life and how it has been put together is here in full — 417 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.
Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.
He most probably had a trunk like the mammoth or mastodon, but perhaps not so long.
All these of course were vegetable feeders.
The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the reptile age.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The puzzle of life and how it has been put together

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of The puzzle of life and how it has been put together is here in full — 417 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, ordreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.
Line 2
Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.
/ˌɪnˈsted ʌv ˈbiːɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈʌpər dʒɔː ənd tɜːrnd ˈʌpwərdz ðeɪ stʌk aʊt frʌm ðə ˈloʊər dʒɔː ənd kɜːrvd ˈdaʊnwərdz ˈɡɪvɪŋ hɪm ə ˈveri ɑːd əˈpɪrəns/
Line 3
He most probably had a trunk like the mammoth or mastodon, but perhaps not so long.
/hiː moʊst ˈprɑːbəbliː hæd ə trʌŋk laɪk ðə ˈmæməθ ɔːr ˈmæstədɔːn bʌt pərˈhæps nɑːt soʊ lɔːŋ/
Line 4
All these of course were vegetable feeders.
/ɔːl ðiːz ʌv kɔːrs wɜːr ˈvedʒtəbəl ˈfiːdərz/
Line 5
The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it theelephant age,” as the oolite has been named thereptile age.”

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

downwards adverb US /ˈdaʊnwərdz/

spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position

From this reading “Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.”

feeders noun US /ˈfiːdərz/

plural of “feeder” — an animal being fattened or suitable for fattening

From this reading “All these of course were vegetable feeders.”

geologists noun US /dʒiˈɑːlədʒɪsts/

plural of “geologist” — a specialist in geology

From this reading “Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.”

mammoth adjective US /ˈmæməθ/

so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth

From this reading “He most probably had a trunk like the mammoth or mastodon, but perhaps not so long.”

mastodon noun US /ˈmæstədɔːn/

extinct elephant-like mammal that flourished worldwide from Miocene through Pleistocene times; differ from mammoths in the form of the molar teeth

From this reading “Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.”

reptile noun US /ˈreptaɪl/

any cold-blooded vertebrate of the class Reptilia including tortoises, turtles, snakes, lizards, alligators, crocodiles, and extinct forms

From this reading “The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.””

Tertiary noun US /ˈtɜːrʃəri/

from 63 million to 2 million years ago

From this reading “The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.””

tusks noun US /tʌsks/

plural of “tusk” — a hard smooth ivory colored dentine that makes up most of the tusks of elephants and walruses

From this reading “Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

of course preposition + noun

as might be expected

In this reading “All these of course were vegetable feeders.”

at the time preposition + article + noun counted as “at … time”

simultaneously

In this reading “Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.”

over the world preposition + article + noun counted as “over … world”

In this reading “The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.””

All words in this reading · 93

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

19

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All these of course were vegetable feeders.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

AnotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

beastnounUS /biːst/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading All these of course were vegetable feeders.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

curvedadjectiveUS /kɜːrvd/

having or marked by a curve or smoothly rounded bend

From this reading Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.

Dinotherium

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

downwardsadverbUS /ˈdaʊnwərdz/

spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position

From this reading Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.

dreadfuladjectiveUS /ˈdredfəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

elephantnounUS /ˈeləfənt/

five-toed pachyderm

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

elephantsnounUS /ˈeləfənts/

plural of “elephant” — five-toed pachyderm

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

feedersnounUS /ˈfiːdərz/

plural of “feeder” — an animal being fattened or suitable for fattening

From this reading All these of course were vegetable feeders.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.

geologistsnounUS /dʒiˈɑːlədʒɪsts/

plural of “geologist” — a specialist in geology

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He most probably had a trunk like the mammoth or mastodon, but perhaps not so long.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

immenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmens/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.

inhabitedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈhæbətəd/

having inhabitants; lived in

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

InsteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

jawverbUS /dʒɔː/

talk socially without exchanging too much information

From this reading Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading He most probably had a trunk like the mammoth or mastodon, but perhaps not so long.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading He most probably had a trunk like the mammoth or mastodon, but perhaps not so long.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.

mammothadjectiveUS /ˈmæməθ/

so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth

From this reading He most probably had a trunk like the mammoth or mastodon, but perhaps not so long.

mastodonnounUS /ˈmæstədɔːn/

extinct elephant-like mammal that flourished worldwide from Miocene through Pleistocene times; differ from mammoths in the form of the molar teeth

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading He most probably had a trunk like the mammoth or mastodon, but perhaps not so long.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He most probably had a trunk like the mammoth or mastodon, but perhaps not so long.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

oddadjectiveUS /ɑːd/

not divisible by two

From this reading Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

oolite

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading He most probably had a trunk like the mammoth or mastodon, but perhaps not so long.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading He most probably had a trunk like the mammoth or mastodon, but perhaps not so long.

relatedadjectiveUS /rɪˈleɪtɪd/

being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

relationnounUS /riˈleɪʃən/

an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

remarkableadjectiveUS /rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl/

unusual or striking

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

reptilenounUS /ˈreptaɪl/

any cold-blooded vertebrate of the class Reptilia including tortoises, turtles, snakes, lizards, alligators, crocodiles, and extinct forms

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He most probably had a trunk like the mammoth or mastodon, but perhaps not so long.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

stuckadjectiveUS /stʌk/

caught or fixed

From this reading Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.

TertiarynounUS /ˈtɜːrʃəri/

from 63 million to 2 million years ago

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading All these of course were vegetable feeders.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

trunknounUS /trʌŋk/

the main stem of a tree; usually covered with bark; the bole is usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber

From this reading He most probably had a trunk like the mammoth or mastodon, but perhaps not so long.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.

tusksnounUS /tʌsks/

plural of “tusk” — a hard smooth ivory colored dentine that makes up most of the tusks of elephants and walruses

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

upperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.

upwardsadverbUS /ˈʌpwərdz/

spatially or metaphorically from a lower to a higher position

From this reading Instead of being in the upper jaw and turned upwards they stuck out from the lower jaw and curved downwards, giving him a very odd appearance.

vegetablenounUS /ˈvedʒtəbəl/

edible seeds or roots or stems or leaves or bulbs or tubers or nonsweet fruits of any of numerous herbaceous plant

From this reading All these of course were vegetable feeders.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Another immense animal inhabited South America at the time, which geologists have called _Dinotherium_, or “dreadful beast.”[19] He was a relation of the mastodon, but his tusks were very curious.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The Tertiary period is so remarkable for the numbers of animals more or less related to elephants and spread all over the world, that we might almost call it the “elephant age,” as the oolite has been named the “reptile age.”

Chapter 2 of The puzzle of life and how it has been put together by Arthur Nicols holds 417 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of The puzzle of life and how it has been put together contain?

Chapter 2 holds 417 sentences of The puzzle of life and how it has been put together, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of The puzzle of life and how it has been put together by Arthur Nicols exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 417 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of The puzzle of life and how it has been put together?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The puzzle of life and how it has been put together

Common questions about reading The puzzle of life and how it has been put together by Arthur Nicols on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The puzzle of life and how it has been put together?

Yes. All 980 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #75564 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The puzzle of life and how it has been put together is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #75564, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The puzzle of life and how it has been put together take to read?

About 81 minutes of reading across 196 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The puzzle of life and how it has been put together section by section

How to work through The puzzle of life and how it has been put together section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The puzzle of life and how it has been put together

Words and structures a reader meets early in The puzzle of life and how it has been put together, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The puzzle of life and how it has been put together; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Displayed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The puzzle of life and how it has been put together; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Puzzle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The puzzle of life and how it has been put together; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Together
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The puzzle of life and how it has been put together; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.