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The Queen Against Owen
The Queen Against Owen

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The Queen Against Owen is here in full — 155 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
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THE C.C.R.
The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.
In every case which is tried before a jury there are two questions to be decided.
The first is whether the evidence produced by the plaintiff alone is sufficient in point of law to justify a verdict.
The second is whether the balance of evidence at the end of the trial is in favour of the plaintiff or the defendant.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Queen Against Owen

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The Queen Against Owen is here in full — 155 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE C.C.R.
Line 2
The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.
/ðə kɔːrt fɔːr kraʊn ˈkeɪsəz rɪˈzɜːrvd ɪz ə ˈmɑːdərn ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃən huːz ˈwɜːrkɪŋz ɑːr nɑːt ˈɔːlweɪz kwaɪt ˌʌndərˈstʊd baɪ ðə ˈpʌblɪk/
Line 3
In every case which is tried before a jury there are two questions to be decided.
/ɪn ˈevəri keɪs wɪtʃ ɪz traɪd bɪˈfɔːr ə ˈdʒʊri ðer ɑːr tuː ˈkwestʃənz tuː biː ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd/
Line 4
The first is whether the evidence produced by the plaintiff alone is sufficient in point of law to justify a verdict.
/ðə fɜːrst ɪz ˈweðər ðə ˈevədəns prəˈduːst baɪ ðə ˈpleɪntəf əˈloʊn ɪz səˈfɪʃənt ɪn pɔɪnt ʌv lɔː tuː ˈdʒʌstəfaɪ ə ˈvɜːrdɪkt/
Line 5
The second is whether the balance of evidence at the end of the trial is in favour of the plaintiff or the defendant.
/ðə ˈsekənd ɪz ˈweðər ðə ˈbæləns ʌv ˈevədəns æt ðə end ʌv ðə ˈtraɪəl ɪz ɪn ˈfeɪvər ʌv ðə ˈpleɪntəf ɔːr ðə dɪˈfendənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

defendant noun US /dɪˈfendənt/

a person or institution against whom an action is brought in a court of law; the person being sued or accused

From this reading “The second is whether the balance of evidence at the end of the trial is in favour of the plaintiff or the defendant.”

institution noun US /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃən/

an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

From this reading “The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.”

jury noun US /ˈdʒʊri/

a body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law

From this reading “In every case which is tried before a jury there are two questions to be decided.”

justify verb US /ˈdʒʌstəfaɪ/

show to be right by providing justification or proof

From this reading “The first is whether the evidence produced by the plaintiff alone is sufficient in point of law to justify a verdict.”

plaintiff noun US /ˈpleɪntəf/

a person who brings an action in a court of law

From this reading “The first is whether the evidence produced by the plaintiff alone is sufficient in point of law to justify a verdict.”

Reserved adjective US /rɪˈzɜːrvd/

set aside for the use of a particular person or party

From this reading “The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.”

verdict noun US /ˈvɜːrdɪkt/

(law) the findings of a jury on issues of fact submitted to it for decision; can be used in formulating a judgment

From this reading “The first is whether the evidence produced by the plaintiff alone is sufficient in point of law to justify a verdict.”

workings noun US /ˈwɜːrkɪŋz/

the internal mechanism of a device

From this reading “The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

at the end preposition + article + noun counted as “at … end”

In this reading “The second is whether the balance of evidence at the end of the trial is in favour of the plaintiff or the defendant.”

quite understood adverb + adjective

In this reading “The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.”

produced by verb + particle counted as “produce by”

In this reading “The first is whether the evidence produced by the plaintiff alone is sufficient in point of law to justify a verdict.”

before a jury preposition + article + noun counted as “before … jury”

In this reading “In every case which is tried before a jury there are two questions to be decided.”

in favour preposition + noun

In this reading “The second is whether the balance of evidence at the end of the trial is in favour of the plaintiff or the defendant.”

balance of verb + particle

In this reading “The second is whether the balance of evidence at the end of the trial is in favour of the plaintiff or the defendant.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading The first is whether the evidence produced by the plaintiff alone is sufficient in point of law to justify a verdict.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The second is whether the balance of evidence at the end of the trial is in favour of the plaintiff or the defendant.

balanceverbUS /ˈbæləns/

bring into balance or equilibrium

From this reading The second is whether the balance of evidence at the end of the trial is in favour of the plaintiff or the defendant.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In every case which is tried before a jury there are two questions to be decided.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading In every case which is tried before a jury there are two questions to be decided.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading THE C.C.R.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading In every case which is tried before a jury there are two questions to be decided.

CasesnounUS /ˈkeɪsəz/

plural of “case” — an occurrence of something

From this reading The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.

CourtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.

CrownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.

decidedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd/

recognizable; marked

From this reading In every case which is tried before a jury there are two questions to be decided.

defendantnounUS /dɪˈfendənt/

a person or institution against whom an action is brought in a court of law; the person being sued or accused

From this reading The second is whether the balance of evidence at the end of the trial is in favour of the plaintiff or the defendant.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The second is whether the balance of evidence at the end of the trial is in favour of the plaintiff or the defendant.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading In every case which is tried before a jury there are two questions to be decided.

evidencenounUS /ˈevədəns/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading The first is whether the evidence produced by the plaintiff alone is sufficient in point of law to justify a verdict.

favournounUS /ˈfeɪvər/

a feeling of favorable regard

From this reading The second is whether the balance of evidence at the end of the trial is in favour of the plaintiff or the defendant.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first is whether the evidence produced by the plaintiff alone is sufficient in point of law to justify a verdict.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In every case which is tried before a jury there are two questions to be decided.

institutionnounUS /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃən/

an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

From this reading The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.

jurynounUS /ˈdʒʊri/

a body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law

From this reading In every case which is tried before a jury there are two questions to be decided.

justifyverbUS /ˈdʒʌstəfaɪ/

show to be right by providing justification or proof

From this reading The first is whether the evidence produced by the plaintiff alone is sufficient in point of law to justify a verdict.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading The first is whether the evidence produced by the plaintiff alone is sufficient in point of law to justify a verdict.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The first is whether the evidence produced by the plaintiff alone is sufficient in point of law to justify a verdict.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The second is whether the balance of evidence at the end of the trial is in favour of the plaintiff or the defendant.

plaintiffnounUS /ˈpleɪntəf/

a person who brings an action in a court of law

From this reading The first is whether the evidence produced by the plaintiff alone is sufficient in point of law to justify a verdict.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading The first is whether the evidence produced by the plaintiff alone is sufficient in point of law to justify a verdict.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading The first is whether the evidence produced by the plaintiff alone is sufficient in point of law to justify a verdict.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.

questionsnounUS /ˈkwestʃənz/

plural of “question” — an instance of questioning

From this reading In every case which is tried before a jury there are two questions to be decided.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.

RnounUS /ɑːr/

a unit of radiation exposure; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit of electricity in 1 cc of dry air

From this reading THE C.C.R.

ReservedadjectiveUS /rɪˈzɜːrvd/

set aside for the use of a particular person or party

From this reading The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The second is whether the balance of evidence at the end of the trial is in favour of the plaintiff or the defendant.

sufficientadjectiveUS /səˈfɪʃənt/

of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant

From this reading The first is whether the evidence produced by the plaintiff alone is sufficient in point of law to justify a verdict.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE C.C.R.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading In every case which is tried before a jury there are two questions to be decided.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In every case which is tried before a jury there are two questions to be decided.

trialnounUS /ˈtraɪəl/

the act of testing something

From this reading The second is whether the balance of evidence at the end of the trial is in favour of the plaintiff or the defendant.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading In every case which is tried before a jury there are two questions to be decided.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading In every case which is tried before a jury there are two questions to be decided.

understoodadjectiveUS /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/

fully apprehended as to purport or meaning or explanation

From this reading The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.

verdictnounUS /ˈvɜːrdɪkt/

(law) the findings of a jury on issues of fact submitted to it for decision; can be used in formulating a judgment

From this reading The first is whether the evidence produced by the plaintiff alone is sufficient in point of law to justify a verdict.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading The first is whether the evidence produced by the plaintiff alone is sufficient in point of law to justify a verdict.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In every case which is tried before a jury there are two questions to be decided.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.

workingsnounUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋz/

the internal mechanism of a device

From this reading The Court for Crown Cases Reserved is a modern institution, whose workings are not always quite understood by the public.

Chapter 12 of The Queen Against Owen by Allen Upward holds 155 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The Queen Against Owen contain?

Chapter 12 holds 155 sentences of The Queen Against Owen, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The Queen Against Owen by Allen Upward exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 155 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The Queen Against Owen?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Queen Against Owen

Common questions about reading The Queen Against Owen by Allen Upward on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Queen Against Owen?

Yes. All 2755 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #30910 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Queen Against Owen is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #30910, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Queen Against Owen take to read?

About 229 minutes of reading across 551 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Queen Against Owen section by section

How to work through The Queen Against Owen section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of The Queen Against Owen to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Queen Against Owen

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Queen Against Owen, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Queen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Queen Against Owen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Against
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Queen Against Owen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Unmistakable
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Queen Against Owen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Success
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Queen Against Owen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.