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The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition
The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition is here in full — 184 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/36 · 5 lines
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The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”
If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.
It is felt that no other introduction could be more happily conceived or executed.
Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.
It is indeed possible, as some critics assert, that this supposed analysis is purely fictitious.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition is here in full — 184 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”
Line 2
If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.
Line 3
It is felt that no other introduction could be more happily conceived or executed.
/ɪt ɪz felt ðæt noʊ ˈʌðər ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən kʊd biː mɔːr ˈhæpəli kənˈsiːvd ɔːr ˈeksəkjuːtɪd/
Line 4
Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.
Line 5
It is indeed possible, as some critics assert, that this supposed analysis is purely fictitious.
/ɪt ɪz ˌɪnˈdiːd ˈpɑːsəbəl æz sʌm ˈkrɪtɪks əˈsɜːrt ðæt ðɪs səˈpoʊzd əˈnæləsəs ɪz ˈpjʊrli fɪkˈtɪʃəs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

avoids verb US /əˈvɔɪdz/

third-person singular of “avoid” — stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading “Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.”

detract verb US /dɪˈtrækt/

take away a part from; diminish

From this reading “The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.””

extraneous adjective US /ekˈstreɪniəs/

not pertinent to the matter under consideration

From this reading “The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.””

felicitous adjective US /fɪˈlɪsətəs/

exhibiting an agreeably appropriate manner or style

From this reading “Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.”

Foreword noun US /ˈfɔːrwɜːrd/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading “The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.””

Galen noun US /ˈɡeɪlən/

Greek anatomist whose theories formed the basis of European medicine until the Renaissance (circa 130-200)

From this reading “The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.””

Poe's noun US /poʊz/

possessive form of “poe” — United States writer and poet (1809-1849)

purports noun US /pərˈpɔːrts/

plural of “purport” — the intended meaning of a communication

From this reading “If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

charge of verb + particle

In this reading “Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.”

own hand verb + noun

In this reading “Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.”

All words in this reading · 114

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

analysisnounUS /əˈnæləsəs/

an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole

From this reading It is indeed possible, as some critics assert, that this supposed analysis is purely fictitious.

analyticaladjectiveUS /ˌænəˈlɪtɪkəl/

using or skilled in using analysis (i.e., separating a whole--intellectual or substantial--into its elemental parts or basic principles)

From this reading Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

appreciationnounUS /əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃən/

understanding of the nature or meaning or quality or magnitude of something

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It is indeed possible, as some critics assert, that this supposed analysis is purely fictitious.

assertverbUS /əˈsɜːrt/

state categorically

From this reading It is indeed possible, as some critics assert, that this supposed analysis is purely fictitious.

avoidsverbUS /əˈvɔɪdz/

third-person singular of “avoid” — stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

chargeverbUS /tʃɑːrdʒ/

to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle

From this reading Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.

ComingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.

CompanynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

CompositionnounUS /ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃən/

the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

conceivedverbUS /kənˈsiːvd/

past form of “conceive” — have the idea for

From this reading It is felt that no other introduction could be more happily conceived or executed.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading It is felt that no other introduction could be more happily conceived or executed.

criticsnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪks/

plural of “critic” — a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art

From this reading It is indeed possible, as some critics assert, that this supposed analysis is purely fictitious.

DecorationsnounUS /ˌdekərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “decoration” — something used to beautify

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

defectnounUS /ˈdiːfekt/

an imperfection in a bodily system

From this reading Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.

detractverbUS /dɪˈtrækt/

take away a part from; diminish

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

directlyadverbUS /dərˈektli/

without deviation

From this reading Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.

EditionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

EldernounUS /ˈeldər/

a person who is older than you are

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.

escapesnounUS /ɪˈskeɪps/

plural of “escape” — the act of escaping physically

From this reading Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.

essaynounUS /eˈseɪ/

an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

executedadjectiveUS /ˈeksəkjuːtɪd/

put to death as punishment

From this reading It is felt that no other introduction could be more happily conceived or executed.

expositionnounUS /ˌekspəˈzɪʃən/

a systematic interpretation or explanation (usually written) of a specific topic

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

extraneousadjectiveUS /ekˈstreɪniəs/

not pertinent to the matter under consideration

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

felicitousadjectiveUS /fɪˈlɪsətəs/

exhibiting an agreeably appropriate manner or style

From this reading Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading It is felt that no other introduction could be more happily conceived or executed.

fictitiousadjectiveUS /fɪkˈtɪʃəs/

formed or conceived by the imagination

From this reading It is indeed possible, as some critics assert, that this supposed analysis is purely fictitious.

ForewordnounUS /ˈfɔːrwɜːrd/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

Francisco

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

frankadjectiveUS /fræŋk/

characterized by directness in manner or speech; without subtlety or evasion

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

GalennounUS /ˈɡeɪlən/

Greek anatomist whose theories formed the basis of European medicine until the Renaissance (circa 130-200)

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.

happilyadverbUS /ˈhæpəli/

in a joyous manner

From this reading It is felt that no other introduction could be more happily conceived or executed.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

IllustratedverbUS /ˈɪləstreɪtəd/

past form of “illustrate” — clarify by giving an example of

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading It is indeed possible, as some critics assert, that this supposed analysis is purely fictitious.

initialnounUS /ˌɪˈnɪʃəl/

the first letter of a word (especially a person's name)

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

intentionnounUS /ˌɪnˈtentʃən/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

introductionnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

JnounUS /dʒeɪ/

a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

Jenkins

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

justificationnounUS /ˌdʒʌstəfəˈkeɪʃən/

something (such as a fact or circumstance) that shows an action to be reasonable or necessary

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

modifiedadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdəfaɪd/

changed in form or character

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

modus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It is felt that no other introduction could be more happily conceived or executed.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading It is felt that no other introduction could be more happily conceived or executed.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.

notesnounUS /noʊts/

plural of “note” — a brief written record

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

operandi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.

PaintingsnounUS /ˈpeɪntɪŋz/

plural of “painting” — graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

PaulnounUS /pɔːl/

United States feminist (1885-1977)

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

pedantrynounUS /ˈpedəntri/

an ostentatious and inappropriate display of learning

From this reading Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.

Perrett

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

PhilosophynounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

Photogravurenoun

printing from an intaglio plate prepared by photographic methods

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

Poe'snounUS /poʊz/

possessive form of “poe” — United States writer and poet (1809-1849)

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

poemnounUS /ˈpoʊəm/

a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading It is indeed possible, as some critics assert, that this supposed analysis is purely fictitious.

prefacenounUS /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

presumptionnounUS /prɪˈzʌmpʃən/

an assumption that is taken for granted

From this reading Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.

prosenounUS /proʊz/

ordinary writing as distinguished from verse

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

publishersnounUS /ˈpʌblɪʃərz/

plural of “publisher” — a firm in the publishing business

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

purelyadverbUS /ˈpjʊrli/

restricted to something

From this reading It is indeed possible, as some critics assert, that this supposed analysis is purely fictitious.

purportsnounUS /pərˈpɔːrts/

plural of “purport” — the intended meaning of a communication

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

QuartonounUS /ˈkwɔːrtoʊ/

the size of a book whose pages are made by folding a sheet of paper twice to form four leaves

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

RavenverbUS /ˈreɪvən/

obtain or seize by violence

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

San

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It is indeed possible, as some critics assert, that this supposed analysis is purely fictitious.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

stylenounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading It is indeed possible, as some critics assert, that this supposed analysis is purely fictitious.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It is indeed possible, as some critics assert, that this supposed analysis is purely fictitious.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

treatisesnounUS /ˈtriːtəsəz/

plural of “treatise” — a formal exposition

From this reading Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.

uncommonadjectiveUS /ənˈkɑːmən/

not common or ordinarily encountered; unusually great in amount or remarkable in character or kind

From this reading Coming from Poe’s own hand, it directly avoids the charge of presumption; and written in Poe’s most felicitous style, it entirely escapes the defect—not uncommon in analytical treatises—of pedantry.

undividedadjectiveUS /ˌʌndəˈvaɪdɪd/

not parted by conflict of opinion

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

uniqueadjectiveUS /juːˈniːk/

radically distinctive and without equal

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

Willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading If any justification were necessary, it is to be found both in the unique literary interest of the essay, and in the fact that it is (or purports to be) a frank exposition of the modus operandi by which “The Raven” was written.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition The Raven and The Philosophy of Composition Quarto Photogravure Edition Illustrated from Paintings by Galen J. Perrett The Decorations by Will Jenkins Paul Elder and Company San Francisco and New York Foreword The initial intention of the publishers to present “The Raven” without preface, notes, or other extraneous matter that might detract from an undivided appreciation of the poem, has been somewhat modified by the introduction of Poe’s prose essay, “The Philosophy of Composition.”

Chapter 1 of The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition by Edgar Allan Poe holds 184 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition contain?

Chapter 1 holds 184 sentences of The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition, unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition by Edgar Allan Poe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 184 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition

Common questions about reading The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition by Edgar Allan Poe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition?

Yes. All 184 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #55749 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #55749, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition take to read?

About 15 minutes of reading across 37 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition section by section

How to work through The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Raven
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Philosophy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Composition
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Quarto
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Raven, and The Philosophy of Composition; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.