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The Reason Why
The Reason Why

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Reason Why is here in full — 169 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.
Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.
And they were both so deadly cold, and certainly constrained!
It was not one of the financier's habits ever to doubt himself or his deductions.
They were based upon far too sound reasoning.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Reason Why

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Reason Why is here in full — 169 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.
Line 2
Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.
Line 3
And they were both so deadly cold, and certainly constrained!
/ənd ðeɪ wɜːr boʊθ soʊ ˈdedli koʊld ənd ˈsɜːrtənli kənˈstreɪnd/
Line 4
It was not one of the financier's habits ever to doubt himself or his deductions.
Line 5
They were based upon far too sound reasoning.
/ðeɪ wɜːr beɪst əˈpɑːn fɑːr tuː saʊnd ˈriːzənɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aided adjective US /ˈeɪdəd/

having help; often used as a combining form

From this reading “Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.”

antennae noun US /ænˈteni/

plural of “antenna” — an electrical device that sends or receives radio or television signals

From this reading “Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.”

based adjective US /beɪst/

having a base

From this reading “They were based upon far too sound reasoning.”

bridegroom noun US /ˈbraɪdɡruːm/

a man who has recently been married

From this reading “Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.”

constrained adjective US /kənˈstreɪnd/

lacking spontaneity; not natural

From this reading “And they were both so deadly cold, and certainly constrained!”

deductions noun US /dɪˈdʌkʃənz/

plural of “deduction” — a reduction in the gross amount on which a tax is calculated; reduces taxes by the percentage fixed for the taxpayer's income bracket

From this reading “It was not one of the financier's habits ever to doubt himself or his deductions.”

prided verb US /ˈpraɪdɪd/

past form of “pride” — be proud of

From this reading “Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.”

regal adjective US /ˈriːɡəl/

belonging to or befitting a supreme ruler

From this reading “Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

acquiredadjectiveUS /əˈkwaɪərd/

gotten through environmental forces

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

aidedadjectiveUS /ˈeɪdəd/

having help; often used as a combining form

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

antennaenounUS /ænˈteni/

plural of “antenna” — an electrical device that sends or receives radio or television signals

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

basedadjectiveUS /beɪst/

having a base

From this reading They were based upon far too sound reasoning.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading And they were both so deadly cold, and certainly constrained!

bridenounUS /braɪd/

a woman who has recently been married

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

bridegroomnounUS /ˈbraɪdɡruːm/

a man who has recently been married

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading And they were both so deadly cold, and certainly constrained!

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading And they were both so deadly cold, and certainly constrained!

constrainedadjectiveUS /kənˈstreɪnd/

lacking spontaneity; not natural

From this reading And they were both so deadly cold, and certainly constrained!

deadlyadjectiveUS /ˈdedli/

causing or capable of causing death

From this reading And they were both so deadly cold, and certainly constrained!

deductionsnounUS /dɪˈdʌkʃənz/

plural of “deduction” — a reduction in the gross amount on which a tax is calculated; reduces taxes by the percentage fixed for the taxpayer's income bracket

From this reading It was not one of the financier's habits ever to doubt himself or his deductions.

dignitynounUS /ˈdɪɡnəti/

the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading It was not one of the financier's habits ever to doubt himself or his deductions.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading It was not one of the financier's habits ever to doubt himself or his deductions.

extraadjectiveUS /ˈekstrə/

more than is needed, desired, or required

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading They were based upon far too sound reasoning.

financier's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not one of the financier's habits ever to doubt himself or his deductions.

Francis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading It was not one of the financier's habits ever to doubt himself or his deductions.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

haughtyadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːti/

having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It was not one of the financier's habits ever to doubt himself or his deductions.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

informedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd/

having much knowledge or education

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

joyousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒɔɪəs/

full of or characterized by joy

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

Markrute's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It was not one of the financier's habits ever to doubt himself or his deductions.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It was not one of the financier's habits ever to doubt himself or his deductions.

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

pridedverbUS /ˈpraɪdɪd/

past form of “pride” — be proud of

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

reasoningnounUS /ˈriːzənɪŋ/

thinking that is coherent and logical

From this reading They were based upon far too sound reasoning.

regaladjectiveUS /ˈriːɡəl/

belonging to or befitting a supreme ruler

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading And they were both so deadly cold, and certainly constrained!

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading They were based upon far too sound reasoning.

sternadjectiveUS /stɜːrn/

of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was not one of the financier's habits ever to doubt himself or his deductions.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And they were both so deadly cold, and certainly constrained!

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading They were based upon far too sound reasoning.

TristramnounUS /ˈtrɪstrəm/

(Middle Ages) the nephew of the king of Cornwall who (according to legend) fell in love with his uncle's bride (Iseult) after they mistakenly drank a love potion that left them eternally in love with each other

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading And they were both so deadly cold, and certainly constrained!

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Francis Markrute's moral antennae upon which he prided himself informed him that all was not as it should be between this young bride and bridegroom.

Zara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Zara seemed to have acquired in this short week even an extra air of regal dignity, aided by her perfect clothes; and Tristram looked stern, and less joyous and more haughty than he had done.

Chapter 20 of The Reason Why by Elinor Glyn holds 169 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Reason Why contain?

Chapter 20 holds 169 sentences of The Reason Why, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Reason Why by Elinor Glyn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 169 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Reason Why?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Reason Why

Common questions about reading The Reason Why by Elinor Glyn on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Reason Why?

Yes. All 5546 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12450 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Reason Why is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12450, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Reason Why take to read?

About 462 minutes of reading across 1110 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Reason Why section by section

How to work through The Reason Why section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Reason Why to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Reason Why

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Reason Why, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Financier
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Reason Why; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Paused
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Reason Why; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Restless
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Reason Why; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pacing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Reason Why; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.