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The Rebel Chief: A Tale of Guerilla Life
The Rebel Chief: A Tale of Guerilla Life

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The Rebel Chief: A Tale of Guerilla Life is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
TRIUMPH.
This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.
The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.
Amid the general joy, Miramón alone entertained no illusions as to the value of the victory he had gained.
For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Rebel Chief: A Tale of Guerilla Life

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The Rebel Chief: A Tale of Guerilla Life is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
TRIUMPH.
/ˈtraɪəmf/
Line 2
This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.
Line 3
The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.
Line 4
Amid the general joy, Miramón alone entertained no illusions as to the value of the victory he had gained.
Line 5
For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.
/fɔːr hɪm ðɪs nuː ˈlʌstər kæst ɑːn hɪz ˈɑːrmiz wɪtʃ hæd soʊ lɔːŋ bɪn vɪkˈtɔːriəs wɑːz ˈoʊnli ðə læst ənd ˈbrɪljənt ˈflɪkər ʌv æn ɪkˈspaɪrɪŋ tɔːrtʃ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

expiring verb US /ɪkˈspaɪrɪŋ/

-ing form of “expire” — lose validity

From this reading “For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.”

flicker verb US /ˈflɪkər/

move back and forth very rapidly

From this reading “For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.”

illusions noun US /ˌɪˈluːʒənz/

plural of “illusion” — an erroneous mental representation

From this reading “Amid the general joy, Miramón alone entertained no illusions as to the value of the victory he had gained.”

lustre noun US /ˈlʌstər/

a surface coating for ceramics or porcelain

From this reading “For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.”

renowned adjective US /rɪˈnaʊnd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading “This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.”

unforeseen adjective US /ˌʌnfɔːrˈsiːn/

not anticipated

From this reading “This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.”

veteran noun US /ˈvetərən/

a serviceman who has seen considerable active service

From this reading “This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.”

victorious adjective US /vɪkˈtɔːriəs/

having won

From this reading “For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

few minutes adjective + noun

In this reading “The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.”

gained by verb + particle counted as “gain by”

In this reading “This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.”

flicker of verb + particle

In this reading “For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Amid the general joy, Miramón alone entertained no illusions as to the value of the victory he had gained.

AmidprepositionUS /əˈmɪd/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading Amid the general joy, Miramón alone entertained no illusions as to the value of the victory he had gained.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

armiesnounUS /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.

brilliantadjectiveUS /ˈbrɪljənt/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

commandedverbUS /kəˈmændɪd/

past form of “command” — be in command of

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

definitively

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

doubtedverbUS /ˈdaʊtɪd/

past form of “doubt” — consider unlikely or have doubts about

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

entertainedadjectiveUS /ˌentərˈteɪnd/

pleasantly occupied

From this reading Amid the general joy, Miramón alone entertained no illusions as to the value of the victory he had gained.

expiringverbUS /ɪkˈspaɪrɪŋ/

-ing form of “expire” — lose validity

From this reading For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

flickerverbUS /ˈflɪkər/

move back and forth very rapidly

From this reading For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Amid the general joy, Miramón alone entertained no illusions as to the value of the victory he had gained.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Amid the general joy, Miramón alone entertained no illusions as to the value of the victory he had gained.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Amid the general joy, Miramón alone entertained no illusions as to the value of the victory he had gained.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

illusionsnounUS /ˌɪˈluːʒənz/

plural of “illusion” — an erroneous mental representation

From this reading Amid the general joy, Miramón alone entertained no illusions as to the value of the victory he had gained.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

joynounUS /dʒɔɪ/

the emotion of great happiness

From this reading Amid the general joy, Miramón alone entertained no illusions as to the value of the victory he had gained.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

lustrenounUS /ˈlʌstər/

a surface coating for ceramics or porcelain

From this reading For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.

minutesnounUS /ˈmɪnəts/

a written account of what transpired at a meeting

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

Miramón

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

partizans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

PresidentnounUS /ˈprezədent/

an executive officer of a firm or corporation

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

renownedadjectiveUS /rɪˈnaʊnd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

RepublicnounUS /riˈpʌblək/

a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

restoredverbUS /rɪˈstɔːrd/

past form of “restore” — return to its original or usable and functioning condition

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

tempernounUS /ˈtempər/

a sudden outburst of anger

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

terrifiedadjectiveUS /ˈterəfaɪd/

thrown into a state of intense fear or desperation

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The temper of the troops changed to such an extent, that they no longer doubted the triumph of their cause, and in a few minutes grew to regard it as definitively gained.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

torchnounUS /tɔːrtʃ/

a light usually carried in the hand; consists of some flammable substance

From this reading For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.

TRIUMPHnounUS /ˈtraɪəmf/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading TRIUMPH.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

unforeseenadjectiveUS /ˌʌnfɔːrˈsiːn/

not anticipated

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

valuenounUS /ˈvæljuː/

a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed

From this reading Amid the general joy, Miramón alone entertained no illusions as to the value of the victory he had gained.

veterannounUS /ˈvetərən/

a serviceman who has seen considerable active service

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

victoriousadjectiveUS /vɪkˈtɔːriəs/

having won

From this reading For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.

victorynounUS /ˈvɪktəri/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading This unforeseen victory, so brilliant and, complete, gained by Miramón over veteran troops commanded by renowned officers, restored courage and hope to the terrified partizans of the President of the Republic.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading For him this new lustre cast on his armies, which had so long been victorious, was only the last and brilliant flicker of an expiring torch.

Chapter 31 of The Rebel Chief: A Tale of Guerilla Life by Gustave Aimard holds 108 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Rebel Chief: A Tale of Guerilla Life contain?

Chapter 31 holds 108 sentences of The Rebel Chief: A Tale of Guerilla Life, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Rebel Chief: A Tale of Guerilla Life by Gustave Aimard exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 108 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Rebel Chief: A Tale of Guerilla Life?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #44421, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in The Rebel Chief: A Tale of Guerilla Life

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Rebel Chief: A Tale of Guerilla Life, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mdccclxv
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Rebel Chief: A Tale of Guerilla Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Country
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Rebel Chief: A Tale of Guerilla Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Rebel Chief: A Tale of Guerilla Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Offers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Rebel Chief: A Tale of Guerilla Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.