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The Red Cross Girls with the Russian Army
The Red Cross Girls with the Russian Army

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Red Cross Girls with the Russian Army is here in full — 120 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.
The church was situated behind the line of the fortifications at Grovno.
Many years before it had been erected, and now it did not occur to the Russian officers that it stood in especial peril.
Yet the church had the golden dome of all Russian churches, glittering like a ball of fire in the sun.
Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Red Cross Girls with the Russian Army

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Red Cross Girls with the Russian Army is here in full — 120 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.
Line 2
The church was situated behind the line of the fortifications at Grovno.
Line 3
Many years before it had been erected, and now it did not occur to the Russian officers that it stood in especial peril.
/ˈmeni jɪrz bɪˈfɔːr ɪt hæd bɪn ɪˈrektəd ənd naʊ ɪt dɪd nɑːt əˈkɜːr tuː ðə ˈrʌʃən ˈɔːfəsərz ðæt ɪt stʊd ɪn əˈspeʃəl ˈperəl/
Line 4
Yet the church had the golden dome of all Russian churches, glittering like a ball of fire in the sun.
/jet ðə tʃɜːrtʃ hæd ðə ˈɡoʊldən doʊm ʌv ɔːl ˈrʌʃən ˈtʃɜːrtʃɪz ˈɡlɪtərɪŋ laɪk ə bɔːl ʌv ˈfaɪər ɪn ðə sʌn/
Line 5
Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dome noun US /doʊm/

a concave shape whose distinguishing characteristic is that the concavity faces downward

From this reading “Yet the church had the golden dome of all Russian churches, glittering like a ball of fire in the sun.”

enemy's noun US /ˈenəmiz/

possessive form of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading “Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.”

especial adjective US /əˈspeʃəl/

surpassing what is common or usual or expected

From this reading “Many years before it had been erected, and now it did not occur to the Russian officers that it stood in especial peril.”

fortifications noun US /ˌfɔːrtəfəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “fortification” — defensive structure consisting of walls or mounds built around a stronghold to strengthen it

From this reading “The church was situated behind the line of the fortifications at Grovno.”

geography noun US /dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/

study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation

From this reading “Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.”

nursing noun US /ˈnɜːrsɪŋ/

the work of caring for the sick or injured or infirm

From this reading “_A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.”

target noun US /ˈtɑːrɡət/

a reference point to shoot at

From this reading “Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.”

Thornton noun US /ˈθɔːrntən/

American architect (1759-1828)

From this reading “_A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

aeroplanists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.

affordedverbUS /əˈfɔːrdəd/

past form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

aidnounUS /eɪd/

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

From this reading Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Yet the church had the golden dome of all Russian churches, glittering like a ball of fire in the sun.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Many years before it had been erected, and now it did not occur to the Russian officers that it stood in especial peril.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The church was situated behind the line of the fortifications at Grovno.

ballnounUS /bɔːl/

round object that is hit or thrown or kicked in games

From this reading Yet the church had the golden dome of all Russian churches, glittering like a ball of fire in the sun.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Many years before it had been erected, and now it did not occur to the Russian officers that it stood in especial peril.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading The church was situated behind the line of the fortifications at Grovno.

CertainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

churchesnounUS /ˈtʃɜːrtʃɪz/

plural of “church” — one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading Yet the church had the golden dome of all Russian churches, glittering like a ball of fire in the sun.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Many years before it had been erected, and now it did not occur to the Russian officers that it stood in especial peril.

domenounUS /doʊm/

a concave shape whose distinguishing characteristic is that the concavity faces downward

From this reading Yet the church had the golden dome of all Russian churches, glittering like a ball of fire in the sun.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.

enemy'snounUS /ˈenəmiz/

possessive form of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.

erectedverbUS /ɪˈrektəd/

past form of “erect” — construct, build, or erect

From this reading Many years before it had been erected, and now it did not occur to the Russian officers that it stood in especial peril.

especialadjectiveUS /əˈspeʃəl/

surpassing what is common or usual or expected

From this reading Many years before it had been erected, and now it did not occur to the Russian officers that it stood in especial peril.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Yet the church had the golden dome of all Russian churches, glittering like a ball of fire in the sun.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

fortificationsnounUS /ˌfɔːrtəfəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “fortification” — defensive structure consisting of walls or mounds built around a stronghold to strengthen it

From this reading The church was situated behind the line of the fortifications at Grovno.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

geographynounUS /dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/

study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation

From this reading Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.

glitteringadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɪtərɪŋ/

having brief brilliant points or flashes of light

From this reading Yet the church had the golden dome of all Russian churches, glittering like a ball of fire in the sun.

goldenadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊldən/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading Yet the church had the golden dome of all Russian churches, glittering like a ball of fire in the sun.

Grovno

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The church was situated behind the line of the fortifications at Grovno.

gunsnounUS /ɡʌnz/

plural of “gun” — a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Many years before it had been erected, and now it did not occur to the Russian officers that it stood in especial peril.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Many years before it had been erected, and now it did not occur to the Russian officers that it stood in especial peril.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Yet the church had the golden dome of all Russian churches, glittering like a ball of fire in the sun.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading The church was situated behind the line of the fortifications at Grovno.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many years before it had been erected, and now it did not occur to the Russian officers that it stood in especial peril.

Mildred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.

neighborhoodnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.

Nona

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Many years before it had been erected, and now it did not occur to the Russian officers that it stood in especial peril.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Many years before it had been erected, and now it did not occur to the Russian officers that it stood in especial peril.

nursingnounUS /ˈnɜːrsɪŋ/

the work of caring for the sick or injured or infirm

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

observationsnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “observation” — the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.

occurverbUS /əˈkɜːr/

come to pass

From this reading Many years before it had been erected, and now it did not occur to the Russian officers that it stood in especial peril.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The church was situated behind the line of the fortifications at Grovno.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading Many years before it had been erected, and now it did not occur to the Russian officers that it stood in especial peril.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

perilnounUS /ˈperəl/

a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading Many years before it had been erected, and now it did not occur to the Russian officers that it stood in especial peril.

RussiannounUS /ˈrʌʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

situatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading The church was situated behind the line of the fortifications at Grovno.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

Sonya

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Many years before it had been erected, and now it did not occur to the Russian officers that it stood in especial peril.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading Yet the church had the golden dome of all Russian churches, glittering like a ball of fire in the sun.

surroundingadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋ/

closely encircling

From this reading Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.

targetnounUS /ˈtɑːrɡət/

a reference point to shoot at

From this reading Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Many years before it had been erected, and now it did not occur to the Russian officers that it stood in especial peril.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The church was situated behind the line of the fortifications at Grovno.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.

ThorntonnounUS /ˈθɔːrntən/

American architect (1759-1828)

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Many years before it had been erected, and now it did not occur to the Russian officers that it stood in especial peril.

Valesky

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The church was situated behind the line of the fortifications at Grovno.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading _A Russian Church_ One afternoon, after Nona had been nursing her friend, Sonya Valesky, for some time, Mildred Thornton went alone into a little Russian church.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Certainly it afforded an easy target for the enemy's guns, and more than this would aid German aeroplanists in making observations of the geography of the surrounding neighborhood.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Many years before it had been erected, and now it did not occur to the Russian officers that it stood in especial peril.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet the church had the golden dome of all Russian churches, glittering like a ball of fire in the sun.

Chapter 7 of The Red Cross Girls with the Russian Army by Margaret Vandercook holds 120 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The Red Cross Girls with the Russian Army contain?

Chapter 7 holds 120 sentences of The Red Cross Girls with the Russian Army, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The Red Cross Girls with the Russian Army by Margaret Vandercook exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 120 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The Red Cross Girls with the Russian Army?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in The Red Cross Girls with the Russian Army

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Red Cross Girls with the Russian Army, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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