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The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny
The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny is here in full — 199 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny
Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.
This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.
Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.
In the center of the river line stood the imposing red sandstone palace of Bahadur Shah, last of the Moguls.
North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny is here in full — 199 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.
Line 2
This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.
Line 3
Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.
Line 4
In the center of the river line stood the imposing red sandstone palace of Bahadur Shah, last of the Moguls.
Line 5
North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

defenses noun US /dɪˈfensəz/

plural of “defense” — (military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies

From this reading “This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.”

Delhi noun US /ˈdeli/

a city in north central India

From this reading “HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.”

Kashmir noun US /ˈkæʃmɪr/

an area in southwestern Asia whose sovereignty is disputed between Pakistan and India

From this reading “North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.”

modernized adjective US /ˈmɑːdərnaɪzd/

brought up to date

From this reading “This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.”

Moguls noun US /ˈmoʊɡəlz/

plural of “mogul” — a bump on a ski slope

From this reading “In the center of the river line stood the imposing red sandstone palace of Bahadur Shah, last of the Moguls.”

Napier noun US /ˈneɪpiər/

Scottish mathematician who invented logarithms; introduced the use of the decimal point in writing numbers (1550-1617)

From this reading “This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.”

sandstone noun US /ˈsændstoʊn/

a sedimentary rock consisting of sand consolidated with some cement (clay or quartz etc.)

From this reading “In the center of the river line stood the imposing red sandstone palace of Bahadur Shah, last of the Moguls.”

shah noun US /ʃɑː/

title for the former hereditary monarch of Iran

From this reading “HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

shone brightly verb + particle counted as “shine brightly”

In this reading “HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.”

main thoroughfare adjective + noun

In this reading “North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.”

red sandstone noun + noun

In this reading “In the center of the river line stood the imposing red sandstone palace of Bahadur Shah, last of the Moguls.”

passed through verb + particle counted as “pass through”

make a passage or journey from one place to another

In this reading “North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.”

law courts noun + noun counted as “law court”

a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws

In this reading “North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.”

great city adjective + noun

In this reading “This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.”

running north adjective + noun

In this reading “Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.”

In the center preposition + article + noun counted as “in … center”

In this reading “In the center of the river line stood the imposing red sandstone palace of Bahadur Shah, last of the Moguls.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

11th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

AsianounUS /ˈeɪʒə/

the largest continent with 60% of the earth's population; it is joined to Europe on the west to form Eurasia; it is the site of some of the world's earliest civilizations

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

BAHADUR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

banknounUS /bæŋk/

sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

brightlyadverbUS /ˈbraɪtli/

with brightness

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

centernounUS /ˈsɛn.tər/

The middle point or core of an area.

From this reading In the center of the river line stood the imposing red sandstone palace of Bahadur Shah, last of the Moguls.

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

citadelnounUS /ˈsɪt.ə.del/

A fortress protecting a city, metaphorically representing the invincible inner sanctuary of the rational mind.

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

courtsnounUS /kɔːrts/

plural of “court” — an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

cutcherry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

defensesnounUS /dɪˈfensəz/

plural of “defense” — (military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

DelhinounUS /ˈdeli/

a city in north central India

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

EMPIREnounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

EuropeannounUS /ˌjʊrəˈpiːən/

a native or inhabitant of Europe

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

GatenounUS /ɡeɪt/

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

geniusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnjəs/

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

half-moonnoun

the crescent-shaped area at the base of the human fingernail

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

HISdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

horrorsnounUS /ˈhɔːrərz/

plural of “horror” — intense and profound fear

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

HOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

imposingadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ/

impressive in appearance

From this reading In the center of the river line stood the imposing red sandstone palace of Bahadur Shah, last of the Moguls.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the center of the river line stood the imposing red sandstone palace of Bahadur Shah, last of the Moguls.

IndianounUS /ˈɪndiə/

a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

Jumna

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

KashmirnounUS /ˈkæʃmɪr/

an area in southwestern Asia whose sovereignty is disputed between Pakistan and India

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading In the center of the river line stood the imposing red sandstone palace of Bahadur Shah, last of the Moguls.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

leadingadjectiveUS /ˈliːdɪŋ/

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading In the center of the river line stood the imposing red sandstone palace of Bahadur Shah, last of the Moguls.

magazinenounUS /ˈmæɡəziːn/

a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

Meerut

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

Metz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

minoradjectiveUS /ˈmaɪnər/

of lesser importance or stature or rank

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

modernizedadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərnaɪzd/

brought up to date

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

MogulsnounUS /ˈmoʊɡəlz/

plural of “mogul” — a bump on a ski slope

From this reading In the center of the river line stood the imposing red sandstone palace of Bahadur Shah, last of the Moguls.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

NapiernounUS /ˈneɪpiər/

Scottish mathematician who invented logarithms; introduced the use of the decimal point in writing numbers (1550-1617)

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

old-fashionedadjectiveUS /ˌoʊldˈfæʃənd/

out of fashion

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

palacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading In the center of the river line stood the imposing red sandstone palace of Bahadur Shah, last of the Moguls.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

placidadjectiveUS /ˈplæsəd/

(of a body of water) free from disturbance by heavy waves

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

PROCLAIMEDadjectiveUS /proʊˈkleɪmd/

declared publicly; made widely known

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading In the center of the river line stood the imposing red sandstone palace of Bahadur Shah, last of the Moguls.

RestingverbUS /ˈrestɪŋ/

-ing form of “rest” — not move; be in a resting position

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

sandstonenounUS /ˈsændstoʊn/

a sedimentary rock consisting of sand consolidated with some cement (clay or quartz etc.)

From this reading In the center of the river line stood the imposing red sandstone palace of Bahadur Shah, last of the Moguls.

SHAHnounUS /ʃɑː/

title for the former hereditary monarch of Iran

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

shoneverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “shine” — be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

splendornounUS /ˈsplen.dər/

Magnificent and splendid appearance; grandeur and brilliance.

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading In the center of the river line stood the imposing red sandstone palace of Bahadur Shah, last of the Moguls.

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading HOW BAHADUR SHAH PROCLAIMED HIS EMPIRE On the morning of the 11th, the sun that laid bare the horrors of Meerut shone brightly on the placid splendor of Delhi.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

thoroughfarenounUS /ˈθɜːroʊfer/

a public road from one place to another

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

UpperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This great city, the Rome of Asia, was also the Metz of Upper India, its old-fashioned though strong defenses having been modernized by the genius of a Napier.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading North of this citadel were the magazine, the Church, some European houses, and the cutcherry, or group of minor law courts, while the main thoroughfare leading in that direction passed through the Kashmir Gate.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Resting on the Jumna, it might best be described as of half-moon shape, with the straight edge running north and south along the right bank of the river.

Chapter 3 of The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny by Louis Tracy holds 199 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny contain?

Chapter 3 holds 199 sentences of The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny by Louis Tracy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 199 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny by Louis Tracy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny?

Yes. All 4504 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36478 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36478, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny take to read?

About 375 minutes of reading across 901 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny section by section

How to work through The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wings
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Morning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pillar
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Red Year: A Story of the Indian Mutiny; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.