Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Reign of Gilt
The Reign of Gilt

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of The Reign of Gilt is here in full — 145 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Reign of Gilt
Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.
The society itself hopes so and tries to believe so, and struggles to forget its uncertain tenure, its sordid basis and its humble ancestry.
And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.
But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.
No such uncertainty, however, exists in the case of the servants of wealth and fashion.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Reign of Gilt

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of The Reign of Gilt is here in full — 145 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.
Line 2
The society itself hopes so and tries to believe so, and struggles to forget its uncertain tenure, its sordid basis and its humble ancestry.
/ðə səˈsaɪəti ˌɪtˈself hoʊps soʊ ənd traɪz tuː bɪˈliːv soʊ ənd ˈstrʌɡəlz tuː fərˈɡet ɪts ənˈsɜːrtən ˈtenjər ɪts ˈsɔːrdəd ˈbeɪsəs ənd ɪts ˈhʌmbəl ˈænsestri/
Line 3
And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.
/ənd ɪt ɪz enˈkɜːrɪdʒd ɪn ɪts prəˈtenʃənz baɪ ˈmeni ˈθaʊzəndz ʌv ˈædʒəl ənd əˈɡresɪv ˈklaɪmərz huː wʊd nɑːt fɔːr wɜːrldz luːz ðer dɪˈluːʒən ðæt ðer ˈklaɪmɪŋ hæz ə ɡoʊl ənd ə ɡoʊl wɜːrθ əˈtʃiːvɪŋ/
Line 4
But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.
Line 5
No such uncertainty, however, exists in the case of the servants of wealth and fashion.
/noʊ sʌtʃ ənˈsɜːrtənti ˌhaʊˈevər ɪɡˈzɪsts ɪn ðə keɪs ʌv ðə ˈsɜːrvənts ʌv welθ ənd ˈfæʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

achieving verb US /əˈtʃiːvɪŋ/

-ing form of “achieve” — to gain with effort

From this reading “And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.”

agile adjective US /ˈædʒəl/

moving quickly and lightly

From this reading “And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.”

ancestry noun US /ˈænsestri/

the descendants of one individual

From this reading “The society itself hopes so and tries to believe so, and struggles to forget its uncertain tenure, its sordid basis and its humble ancestry.”

approving noun US /əˈpruːvɪŋ/

the formal act of approving

From this reading “But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.”

climbers noun US /ˈklaɪmərz/

plural of “climber” — a vine or climbing plant that readily grows up a support or over other plants

From this reading “And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.”

constitutes verb US /ˈkɑːnstətuːts/

third-person singular of “constitute” — form or compose

From this reading “CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.”

decades noun US /deˈkeɪdz/

plural of “decade” — a period of 10 years

From this reading “CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.”

tenure noun US /ˈtenjər/

the term during which some position is held

From this reading “The society itself hopes so and tries to believe so, and struggles to forget its uncertain tenure, its sordid basis and its humble ancestry.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

upper classes adjective + noun counted as “upper class”

the class occupying the highest position in the social hierarchy

In this reading “But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.”

fashionable society adjective + noun

In this reading “CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.”

refrain from verb + particle

In this reading “But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.”

perfectly sober adverb + adjective

In this reading “But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.”

within sight preposition + noun

In this reading “But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.”

many thousands adjective + noun counted as “many thousand”

In this reading “And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.”

exists in verb + particle counted as “exist in”

In this reading “No such uncertainty, however, exists in the case of the servants of wealth and fashion.”

last two adjective + noun

In this reading “CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

achievingverbUS /əˈtʃiːvɪŋ/

-ing form of “achieve” — to gain with effort

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

aggressiveadjectiveUS /əˈɡresɪv/

having or showing determination and energetic pursuit of your ends

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

agileadjectiveUS /ˈædʒəl/

moving quickly and lightly

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

ancestrynounUS /ˈænsestri/

the descendants of one individual

From this reading The society itself hopes so and tries to believe so, and struggles to forget its uncertain tenure, its sordid basis and its humble ancestry.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

anxiousadjectiveUS /ˈæŋkʃəs/

eagerly desirous

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

approvingnounUS /əˈpruːvɪŋ/

the formal act of approving

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

aristocracynounUS /ˌerəˈstɑːkrəsi/

a privileged class holding hereditary titles

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

basisnounUS /ˈbeɪsəs/

a relation that provides the foundation for something

From this reading The society itself hopes so and tries to believe so, and struggles to forget its uncertain tenure, its sordid basis and its humble ancestry.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading The society itself hopes so and tries to believe so, and struggles to forget its uncertain tenure, its sordid basis and its humble ancestry.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

can't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

carelessadjectiveUS /ˈkerləs/

marked by lack of attention or consideration or forethought or thoroughness; not careful

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading No such uncertainty, however, exists in the case of the servants of wealth and fashion.

CASTE-COMPELLERS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

classesnounUS /ˈklæsəz/

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

climbersnounUS /ˈklaɪmərz/

plural of “climber” — a vine or climbing plant that readily grows up a support or over other plants

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

climbingnounUS /ˈklaɪmɪŋ/

an event that involves rising to a higher point (as in altitude or temperature or intensity etc.)

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

constitutesverbUS /ˈkɑːnstətuːts/

third-person singular of “constitute” — form or compose

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

decadesnounUS /deˈkeɪdz/

plural of “decade” — a period of 10 years

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

delusionnounUS /dɪˈluːʒən/

(psychology) an erroneous belief that is held in the face of evidence to the contrary

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

doubtsnounUS /daʊts/

plural of “doubt” — the state of being unsure of something

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

encouragedadjectiveUS /enˈkɜːrɪdʒd/

inspired with confidence

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

essaynounUS /eˈseɪ/

an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

existsverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪsts/

third-person singular of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading No such uncertainty, however, exists in the case of the servants of wealth and fashion.

facesnounUS /ˈfeɪsəz/

plural of “face” — the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading No such uncertainty, however, exists in the case of the servants of wealth and fashion.

fashionableadjectiveUS /ˈfæʃənəbəl/

being or in accordance with current social fashions

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

fashionables

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

forgetverbUS /fərˈɡet/

dismiss from the mind; stop remembering

From this reading The society itself hopes so and tries to believe so, and struggles to forget its uncertain tenure, its sordid basis and its humble ancestry.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

furtiveadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrtɪv/

marked by quiet and caution and secrecy; taking pains to avoid being observed

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

genuineadjectiveUS /ˈdʒenjəwən/

not fake or counterfeit

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

glanceverbUS /ɡlæns/

throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

goalnounUS /ɡoʊl/

the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behavior intended to achieve it

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

hopesnounUS /hoʊps/

plural of “hope” — a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading The society itself hopes so and tries to believe so, and struggles to forget its uncertain tenure, its sordid basis and its humble ancestry.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading No such uncertainty, however, exists in the case of the servants of wealth and fashion.

humbleadjectiveUS /ˈhʌmbəl/

low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading The society itself hopes so and tries to believe so, and struggles to forget its uncertain tenure, its sordid basis and its humble ancestry.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The society itself hopes so and tries to believe so, and struggles to forget its uncertain tenure, its sordid basis and its humble ancestry.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading The society itself hopes so and tries to believe so, and struggles to forget its uncertain tenure, its sordid basis and its humble ancestry.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

loseverbUS /luːz/

fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

matter-of-courseadjective

expected or depended upon as a natural or logical outcome

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No such uncertainty, however, exists in the case of the servants of wealth and fashion.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

perfectlyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrfəktli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

pretensionsnounUS /prəˈtenʃənz/

plural of “pretension” — a false or unsupportable quality

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

refrainverbUS /rɪˈfreɪn/

resist doing something

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

refuseverbUS /rəˈfjuːz/

show unwillingness towards

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

self-complacentadjective

contented to a fault with oneself or one's actions

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

servantsnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənts/

plural of “servant” — a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading No such uncertainty, however, exists in the case of the servants of wealth and fashion.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The society itself hopes so and tries to believe so, and struggles to forget its uncertain tenure, its sordid basis and its humble ancestry.

soberadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊbər/

not affected by a chemical substance (especially alcohol)

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

sordidadjectiveUS /ˈsɔːrdəd/

morally degraded

From this reading The society itself hopes so and tries to believe so, and struggles to forget its uncertain tenure, its sordid basis and its humble ancestry.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

strugglesnounUS /ˈstrʌɡəlz/

plural of “struggle” — an energetic attempt to achieve something

From this reading The society itself hopes so and tries to believe so, and struggles to forget its uncertain tenure, its sordid basis and its humble ancestry.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading No such uncertainty, however, exists in the case of the servants of wealth and fashion.

tenurenounUS /ˈtenjər/

the term during which some position is held

From this reading The society itself hopes so and tries to believe so, and struggles to forget its uncertain tenure, its sordid basis and its humble ancestry.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The society itself hopes so and tries to believe so, and struggles to forget its uncertain tenure, its sordid basis and its humble ancestry.

tonenounUS /toʊn/

the quality of a person's voice

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

triesnounUS /traɪz/

plural of “try” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading The society itself hopes so and tries to believe so, and struggles to forget its uncertain tenure, its sordid basis and its humble ancestry.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

uncertainadjectiveUS /ənˈsɜːrtən/

lacking or indicating lack of confidence or assurance

From this reading The society itself hopes so and tries to believe so, and struggles to forget its uncertain tenure, its sordid basis and its humble ancestry.

uncertaintynounUS /ənˈsɜːrtənti/

being unsettled or in doubt or dependent on chance

From this reading No such uncertainty, however, exists in the case of the servants of wealth and fashion.

uneasyadjectiveUS /əˈniːzi/

lacking a sense of security or affording no ease or reassurance

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

upperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading No such uncertainty, however, exists in the case of the servants of wealth and fashion.

wheneverconjunctionUS /weˈnevər/

at any time that; every time that

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading CASTE-COMPELLERS It is still an open and anxious question whether this fashionable society, the growth, as we have seen, of the last two or three decades, constitutes a genuine aristocracy.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading But uneasy doubts refuse to down, and whenever one of the fashionables says, with a brave essay at the careless, matter-of-course tone, “We of the upper classes,” he--or she, for it is more often she--can’t refrain from a furtive glance to see whether all faces within sight are perfectly sober, self-complacent and approving.

worldsnounUS /wɜːrldz/

plural of “world” — everything that exists anywhere

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

worthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading And it is encouraged in its pretensions by many thousands of agile and aggressive climbers who would not for worlds lose their delusion that their climbing has a goal, and a goal worth achieving.

Chapter 5 of The Reign of Gilt by David Graham Phillips holds 145 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of The Reign of Gilt contain?

Chapter 5 holds 145 sentences of The Reign of Gilt, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of The Reign of Gilt by David Graham Phillips exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 145 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of The Reign of Gilt?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Reign of Gilt

Common questions about reading The Reign of Gilt by David Graham Phillips on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Reign of Gilt?

Yes. All 2505 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #64402 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Reign of Gilt is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #64402, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Reign of Gilt take to read?

About 208 minutes of reading across 501 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Reign of Gilt section by section

How to work through The Reign of Gilt section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of The Reign of Gilt to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Reign of Gilt

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Reign of Gilt, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Eminent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Reign of Gilt; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bishop
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Reign of Gilt; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Episcopalian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Reign of Gilt; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Diocese
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Reign of Gilt; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.