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The Reign of Greed
The Reign of Greed

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of The Reign of Greed is here in full — 165 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
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PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.
It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.
His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.
Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?
There Penitente had been considered one of the best Latinists and the subtlest disputants, one who could tangle or untangle the simplest as well as the most abstruse questions.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Reign of Greed

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of The Reign of Greed is here in full — 165 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.
Line 2
It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.
/ɪt hæd ˈhɑːrdli bɪn ə wiːk sɪns hiː hæd kʌm frʌm hɪz taʊn jet hiː hæd ɔːlˈredi ˈrɪtən tuː hɪz ˈmʌðər twaɪs riˈɪtəreɪtɪŋ hɪz dɪˈzaɪər tuː əˈbændən hɪz ˈstʌdiz ənd ɡoʊ bæk ðer tuː wɜːrk/
Line 3
His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.
/hɪz ˈmʌðər ˈænsərd ðæt hiː ʃʊd hæv ˈpeɪʃəns ðæt æt ðə liːst hiː mʌst biː ˈɡrædʒuːeɪtɪd æz ə ˈbætʃələr ʌv ɑːrts sɪns ɪt wʊd biː ənˈwaɪz tuː ˈdezərt hɪz bʊks ˈæftər fɔːr jɪrz ʌv ɪkˈspens ənd ˈsækrəfaɪsɪz ɑːn boʊθ ðer pɑːrts/
Line 4
Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?
Line 5
There Penitente had been considered one of the best Latinists and the subtlest disputants, one who could tangle or untangle the simplest as well as the most abstruse questions.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abstruse adjective US /əbˈstruːs/

difficult to penetrate; incomprehensible to one of ordinary understanding or knowledge

From this reading “There Penitente had been considered one of the best Latinists and the subtlest disputants, one who could tangle or untangle the simplest as well as the most abstruse questions.”

diligent adjective US /ˈdɪlɪdʒənt/

quietly and steadily persevering especially in detail or exactness

From this reading “Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?”

graduated adjective US /ˈɡrædʒuːeɪtɪd/

marked with or divided into degrees

From this reading “His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.”

Padre noun US /ˈpædreɪ/

a chaplain in one of the military services

From this reading “Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?”

reiterating verb US /riˈɪtəreɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “reiterate” — to say, state, or perform again

From this reading “It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.”

tearful adjective US /ˈtɪrfəl/

filled with or marked by tears

From this reading “PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.”

untangle verb US /ənˈtæŋɡəl/

release from entanglement of difficulty

From this reading “There Penitente had been considered one of the best Latinists and the subtlest disputants, one who could tangle or untangle the simplest as well as the most abstruse questions.”

unwise adjective US /ənˈwaɪz/

showing or resulting from lack of judgment or wisdom

From this reading “His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

abandonverbUS /əˈbændən/

forsake, leave behind

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

abstruseadjectiveUS /əbˈstruːs/

difficult to penetrate; incomprehensible to one of ordinary understanding or knowledge

From this reading There Penitente had been considered one of the best Latinists and the subtlest disputants, one who could tangle or untangle the simplest as well as the most abstruse questions.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

answeredverbUS /ˈænsərd/

past form of “answer” — react verbally

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

artsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

aversionnounUS /əˈvɜːrʒən/

a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?

bachelornounUS /ˈbætʃələr/

a man who has never been married

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading There Penitente had been considered one of the best Latinists and the subtlest disputants, one who could tangle or untangle the simplest as well as the most abstruse questions.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?

collegenounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

conductedverbUS /kənˈdʌktəd/

past form of “conduct” — direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading There Penitente had been considered one of the best Latinists and the subtlest disputants, one who could tangle or untangle the simplest as well as the most abstruse questions.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading There Penitente had been considered one of the best Latinists and the subtlest disputants, one who could tangle or untangle the simplest as well as the most abstruse questions.

desertverbUS /ˈdezərt/

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

diligentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪlɪdʒənt/

quietly and steadily persevering especially in detail or exactness

From this reading Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?

disputants

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There Penitente had been considered one of the best Latinists and the subtlest disputants, one who could tangle or untangle the simplest as well as the most abstruse questions.

Escolta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

expensenounUS /ɪkˈspens/

amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opposed to capital expenditures)

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

graduatedadjectiveUS /ˈɡrædʒuːeɪtɪd/

marked with or divided into degrees

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

Latinists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There Penitente had been considered one of the best Latinists and the subtlest disputants, one who could tangle or untangle the simplest as well as the most abstruse questions.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading There Penitente had been considered one of the best Latinists and the subtlest disputants, one who could tangle or untangle the simplest as well as the most abstruse questions.

PadrenounUS /ˈpædreɪ/

a chaplain in one of the military services

From this reading Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

patiencenounUS /ˈpeɪʃəns/

good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

PENITENTE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

PLACIDO

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

questionsnounUS /ˈkwestʃənz/

plural of “question” — an instance of questioning

From this reading There Penitente had been considered one of the best Latinists and the subtlest disputants, one who could tangle or untangle the simplest as well as the most abstruse questions.

reiteratingverbUS /riˈɪtəreɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “reiterate” — to say, state, or perform again

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

ReluctantlyadverbUS /rɪˈlʌktəntli/

with reluctance

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

sacrificesnounUS /ˈsækrəfaɪsɪz/

plural of “sacrifice” — the act of losing or surrendering something as a penalty for a mistake or fault or failure to perform etc.

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

Santo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

simplestadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpləst/

superlative of “simple” — having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading There Penitente had been considered one of the best Latinists and the subtlest disputants, one who could tangle or untangle the simplest as well as the most abstruse questions.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

studiesnounUS /ˈstʌdiz/

plural of “study” — a detailed critical inspection

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?

subtlest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There Penitente had been considered one of the best Latinists and the subtlest disputants, one who could tangle or untangle the simplest as well as the most abstruse questions.

Tanawan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?

tanglenounUS /ˈtæŋɡəl/

a twisted and tangled mass that is highly interwoven

From this reading There Penitente had been considered one of the best Latinists and the subtlest disputants, one who could tangle or untangle the simplest as well as the most abstruse questions.

tearfuladjectiveUS /ˈtɪrfəl/

filled with or marked by tears

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

Tomas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

twiceadverbUS /twaɪs/

two times

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

UniversitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

untangleverbUS /ənˈtæŋɡəl/

release from entanglement of difficulty

From this reading There Penitente had been considered one of the best Latinists and the subtlest disputants, one who could tangle or untangle the simplest as well as the most abstruse questions.

unwiseadjectiveUS /ənˈwaɪz/

showing or resulting from lack of judgment or wisdom

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

Valerio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading There Penitente had been considered one of the best Latinists and the subtlest disputants, one who could tangle or untangle the simplest as well as the most abstruse questions.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?

WhenceadverbUS /wens/

an old word meaning “from where”

From this reading Whence came to Penitente this aversion to study, when he had been one of the most diligent in the famous college conducted by Padre Valerio in Tanawan?

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading There Penitente had been considered one of the best Latinists and the subtlest disputants, one who could tangle or untangle the simplest as well as the most abstruse questions.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading PLACIDO PENITENTE Reluctantly, and almost with tearful eyes, Placido Penitente was going along the Escolta on his way to the University of Santo Tomas.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading His mother answered that he should have patience, that at the least he must be graduated as a bachelor of arts, since it would be unwise to desert his books after four years of expense and sacrifices on both their parts.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading It had hardly been a week since he had come from his town, yet he had already written to his mother twice, reiterating his desire to abandon his studies and go back there to work.

Chapter 11 of The Reign of Greed by José Rizal holds 165 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of The Reign of Greed contain?

Chapter 11 holds 165 sentences of The Reign of Greed, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of The Reign of Greed by José Rizal exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 165 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of The Reign of Greed?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Reign of Greed

Common questions about reading The Reign of Greed by José Rizal on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Reign of Greed?

Yes. All 5129 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #10676 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Reign of Greed is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #10676, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Reign of Greed take to read?

About 427 minutes of reading across 1026 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Reign of Greed section by section

How to work through The Reign of Greed section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of The Reign of Greed to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Reign of Greed

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Reign of Greed, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Below
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Reign of Greed; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Other
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Reign of Greed; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scenes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Reign of Greed; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Being
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Reign of Greed; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.