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The Reign of Greed
The Reign of Greed

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Reign of Greed is here in full — 184 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Reign of Greed
Context Illustration Reading 1/36 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.
Along the two sides extended three wide tiers of stone covered with wood, filled with students arranged in alphabetical order.
At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.
With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.
The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Reign of Greed

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Reign of Greed is here in full — 184 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.
/ðə klæs ɪn ˈfɪzɪks ðə ˈklæsruːm wɑːz ə ˈspeɪʃəs rekˈtæŋɡjələr hɔːl wɪð lɑːrdʒ ˈɡreɪtɪd ˈwɪndoʊz ðæt ədˈmɪtɪd æn əˈbʌndəns ʌv laɪt ənd er/
Line 2
Along the two sides extended three wide tiers of stone covered with wood, filled with students arranged in alphabetical order.
/əˈlɔːŋ ðə tuː saɪdz ɪkˈstendəd θriː waɪd tiːrz ʌv stoʊn ˈkʌvərd wɪð wʊd fɪld wɪð ˈstuːdənts ərˈeɪndʒd ɪn ˌælfəˈbetɪkəl ˈɔːrdər/
Line 3
At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.
Line 4
With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.
Line 5
The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.
/ðə wɔːlz ˈpeɪntɪd waɪt ənd ˈkʌvərd wɪð ɡleɪzd taɪlz tuː prɪˈvent ˈskrætʃəz wɜːr ɪnˈtaɪərli ber ˈhævɪŋ ˈniːðər ə ˈdrɔːɪŋ nɔːr ə ˈpɪktʃər nɔːr ˈiːvɪn æn ˈaʊtlaɪn ʌv ˈeni ˈfɪzɪkəl ˌæpərˈætəs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alphabetical adjective US /ˌælfəˈbetɪkəl/

relating to or expressed by a writing system that uses an alphabet

From this reading “Along the two sides extended three wide tiers of stone covered with wood, filled with students arranged in alphabetical order.”

Aquinas noun US /əˈkwaɪnəs/

(Roman Catholic Church) Italian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology; presented philosophical proofs of the existence of God (1225-1274)

From this reading “At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.”

blackboard noun US /ˈblækbɔːrd/

sheet of slate; for writing with chalk

From this reading “With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.”

classroom noun US /ˈklæsruːm/

a room in a school where lessons take place

From this reading “THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.”

physics noun US /ˈfɪzɪks/

the science of matter and energy and their interactions

From this reading “THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.”

rectangular adjective US /rekˈtæŋɡjələr/

having four right angles

From this reading “THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.”

tiers noun US /tiːrz/

plural of “tier” — a relative position or degree of value in a graded group

From this reading “Along the two sides extended three wide tiers of stone covered with wood, filled with students arranged in alphabetical order.”

viva noun US /ˈviːvə/

an examination conducted by spoken communication

From this reading “With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

abundancenounUS /əˈbʌndəns/

the property of a more than adequate quantity or supply

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

admittedverbUS /ədˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “admit” — declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

AlongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Along the two sides extended three wide tiers of stone covered with wood, filled with students arranged in alphabetical order.

alphabeticaladjectiveUS /ˌælfəˈbetɪkəl/

relating to or expressed by a writing system that uses an alphabet

From this reading Along the two sides extended three wide tiers of stone covered with wood, filled with students arranged in alphabetical order.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.

apparatusnounUS /ˌæpərˈætəs/

equipment designed to serve a specific function

From this reading The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

AquinasnounUS /əˈkwaɪnəs/

(Roman Catholic Church) Italian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology; presented philosophical proofs of the existence of God (1225-1274)

From this reading At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.

arrangedadjectiveUS /ərˈeɪndʒd/

disposed or placed in a particular kind of order

From this reading Along the two sides extended three wide tiers of stone covered with wood, filled with students arranged in alphabetical order.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

blackboardnounUS /ˈblækbɔːrd/

sheet of slate; for writing with chalk

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

chairnounUS /tʃer/

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.

CLASSnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

classroomnounUS /ˈklæsruːm/

a room in a school where lessons take place

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading Along the two sides extended three wide tiers of stone covered with wood, filled with students arranged in alphabetical order.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

drawingnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

elevatedadjectiveUS /ˈeləveɪtɪd/

raised above the ground

From this reading At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.

entrancenounUS /ˈentrəns/

something that provides access (to get in or get out)

From this reading At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

exceptionnounUS /ɪkˈsepʃən/

a deliberate act of omission

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

extendedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstendəd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading Along the two sides extended three wide tiers of stone covered with wood, filled with students arranged in alphabetical order.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading Along the two sides extended three wide tiers of stone covered with wood, filled with students arranged in alphabetical order.

frameverbUS /freɪm/

enclose in or as if in a frame

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

furniturenounUS /ˈfɜːrnɪtʃər/

furnishings that make a room or other area ready for occupancy

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

glazedadjectiveUS /ɡleɪzd/

(used of eyes) lacking liveliness

From this reading The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.

gratedverbUS /ˈɡreɪtɪd/

past form of “grate” — furnish with a grate

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

hallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.

narra

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.

openingnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋ/

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Along the two sides extended three wide tiers of stone covered with wood, filled with students arranged in alphabetical order.

outlinenounUS /ˈaʊtlaɪn/

the line that appears to bound an object

From this reading The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.

paintedadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪntɪd/

coated with paint

From this reading The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.

physicaladjectiveUS /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.

PHYSICSnounUS /ˈfɪzɪks/

the science of matter and energy and their interactions

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.

platformnounUS /ˈplætfɔːrm/

a raised horizontal surface

From this reading At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.

preventverbUS /prɪˈvent/

keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.

printnounUS /prɪnt/

the text appearing in a book, newspaper, or other printed publication

From this reading At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.

professor'snounUS /prəˈfesərz/

possessive form of “professor” — someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.

rectangularadjectiveUS /rekˈtæŋɡjələr/

having four right angles

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

scratchesnounUS /ˈskrætʃəz/

plural of “scratch” — an abraded area where the skin is torn or worn off

From this reading The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Along the two sides extended three wide tiers of stone covered with wood, filled with students arranged in alphabetical order.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

spaciousadjectiveUS /ˈspeɪʃəs/

very large in expanse or scope

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.

stairwaynounUS /ˈsterweɪ/

a way of access (upward and downward) consisting of a set of steps

From this reading At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading Along the two sides extended three wide tiers of stone covered with wood, filled with students arranged in alphabetical order.

studentsnounUS /ˈstuːdənts/

plural of “student” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading Along the two sides extended three wide tiers of stone covered with wood, filled with students arranged in alphabetical order.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

ThomasnounUS /ˈtɑːməs/

United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859)

From this reading At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Along the two sides extended three wide tiers of stone covered with wood, filled with students arranged in alphabetical order.

tiersnounUS /tiːrz/

plural of “tier” — a relative position or degree of value in a graded group

From this reading Along the two sides extended three wide tiers of stone covered with wood, filled with students arranged in alphabetical order.

tilesnounUS /taɪlz/

plural of “tile” — a flat thin rectangular slab (as of fired clay or rubber or linoleum) used to cover surfaces

From this reading The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Along the two sides extended three wide tiers of stone covered with wood, filled with students arranged in alphabetical order.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading At the end opposite the entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor’s chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

usefuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːsfəl/

being of use or service

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

uselessadjectiveUS /ˈjuːsləs/

having no beneficial use or incapable of functioning usefully

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

vivanounUS /ˈviːvə/

an examination conducted by spoken communication

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Along the two sides extended three wide tiers of stone covered with wood, filled with students arranged in alphabetical order.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE CLASS IN PHYSICS The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated windows that admitted an abundance of light and air.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading Along the two sides extended three wide tiers of stone covered with wood, filled with students arranged in alphabetical order.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading With the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely ever used, since there was still written on it the viva that had appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless, was to be seen.

Chapter 12 of The Reign of Greed by José Rizal holds 184 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The Reign of Greed contain?

Chapter 12 holds 184 sentences of The Reign of Greed, unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The Reign of Greed by José Rizal exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 184 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The Reign of Greed?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Reign of Greed

Common questions about reading The Reign of Greed by José Rizal on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Reign of Greed?

Yes. All 5129 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #10676 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Reign of Greed is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #10676, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Reign of Greed take to read?

About 427 minutes of reading across 1026 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Reign of Greed section by section

How to work through The Reign of Greed section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of The Reign of Greed to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Reign of Greed

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Reign of Greed, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Below
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Reign of Greed; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Other
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Reign of Greed; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scenes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Reign of Greed; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Being
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Reign of Greed; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.