Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Return of the Native
The Return of the Native

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Return of the Native is here in full — 216 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Return of the Native
Context Illustration Reading 1/43 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.
If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.
But that I cannot do.”
You give yourself up too much to this wearying despair,” said Eustacia.
Other men’s mothers have died.”
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Return of the Native

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Return of the Native is here in full — 216 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/43 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.
Line 2
If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.
/ɪf aɪ kʊd ˈoʊnli ɡet wʌn əˈʃʊrəns ðæt ʃiː dɪd nɑːt daɪ ɪn ə bɪˈliːf ðæt aɪ wɑːz rɪˈzentfəl hiː sed wʌn deɪ wen ɪn ðɪs muːd ɪt wʊd biː ˈbetər tuː θɪŋk ʌv ðæn ə hoʊp ʌv ˈhevən/
Line 3
But that I cannot do.”
Line 4
You give yourself up too much to this wearying despair,” said Eustacia.
Line 5
Other men’s mothers have died.”
/ˈʌðər menz ˈmʌðərz hæv daɪd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

fevered adjective US /ˈfiːvərd/

highly or nervously excited

From this reading “Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.”

ills noun US /ɪlz/

plural of “ill” — an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading “Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.”

men's noun US /menz/

a public toilet for men

mothers noun US /ˈmʌðərz/

plural of “mother” — a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading ““Other men’s mothers have died.””

remorse noun US /rɪˈmɔːrs/

a feeling of deep regret (usually for some misdeed)

From this reading “Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.”

resentful adjective US /rɪˈzentfəl/

full of or marked by resentment or indignant ill will

From this reading ““If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.”

wearying adjective US /ˈwiːriɪŋ/

producing exhaustion

From this reading ““You give yourself up too much to this wearying despair,” said Eustacia.”

writhed adjective US /rɪθd/

twisted (especially as in pain or struggle)

From this reading “Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

assurancenounUS /əˈʃʊrəns/

freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

beliefnounUS /bɪˈliːf/

any cognitive content held as true

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But that I cannot do.”

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But that I cannot do.”

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

despairnounUS /dɪˈsper/

a state in which all hope is lost or absent

From this reading “You give yourself up too much to this wearying despair,” said Eustacia.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

dieverbUS /daɪ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading “Other men’s mothers have died.”

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading But that I cannot do.”

Eustacia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “You give yourself up too much to this wearying despair,” said Eustacia.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

feveredadjectiveUS /ˈfiːvərd/

highly or nervously excited

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading “You give yourself up too much to this wearying despair,” said Eustacia.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “Other men’s mothers have died.”

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

heavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

illsnounUS /ɪlz/

plural of “ill” — an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

men'snounUS /menz/

a public toilet for men

From this reading “Other men’s mothers have died.”

moodnounUS /muːd/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

mothersnounUS /ˈmʌðərz/

plural of “mother” — a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading “Other men’s mothers have died.”

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading “You give yourself up too much to this wearying despair,” said Eustacia.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

OtheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading “Other men’s mothers have died.”

physicaladjectiveUS /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

pureadjectiveUS /pjʊr/

free of extraneous elements of any kind

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

remorsenounUS /rɪˈmɔːrs/

a feeling of deep regret (usually for some misdeed)

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

resentfuladjectiveUS /rɪˈzentfəl/

full of or marked by resentment or indignant ill will

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

SometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

sorrownounUS /ˈsɑːroʊ/

an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

tearverbUS /ter/

separate or cause to separate abruptly

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading “You give yourself up too much to this wearying despair,” said Eustacia.

unsoftened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading “You give yourself up too much to this wearying despair,” said Eustacia.

utterverbUS /ˈʌtər/

articulate; either verbally or with a cry, shout, or noise

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

wearyingadjectiveUS /ˈwiːriɪŋ/

producing exhaustion

From this reading “You give yourself up too much to this wearying despair,” said Eustacia.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “If I could only get one assurance that she did not die in a belief that I was resentful,” he said one day when in this mood, “it would be better to think of than a hope of heaven.

writhedadjectiveUS /rɪθd/

twisted (especially as in pain or struggle)

From this reading Sometimes his condition had been one of utter remorse, unsoftened by a single tear of pure sorrow: and then he writhed as he lay, fevered far more by thought than by physical ills.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “You give yourself up too much to this wearying despair,” said Eustacia.

yourselfpronounUS /jərˈself/

used when the person spoken to is also the object of the action

From this reading “You give yourself up too much to this wearying despair,” said Eustacia.

Chapter 31 of The Return of the Native by Thomas Hardy holds 216 sentences, grouped into 44 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Return of the Native contain?

Chapter 31 holds 216 sentences of The Return of the Native, unabridged, divided into 44 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Return of the Native by Thomas Hardy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 216 sentences, grouped into 44 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Return of the Native?

Work through the 44 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 44 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Return of the Native

Common questions about reading The Return of the Native by Thomas Hardy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Return of the Native?

Yes. All 8619 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #122 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Return of the Native is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #122, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Return of the Native take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1724 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Return of the Native section by section

How to work through The Return of the Native section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Return of the Native to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Return of the Native

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Return of the Native, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Return of the Native; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Return of the Native; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Three
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Return of the Native; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Women
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Return of the Native; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.