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The Revolutions of Time
The Revolutions of Time

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Revolutions of Time is here in full — 5 sentences across 1 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/1 · 5 lines
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...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.
The physical manifestation of the spiritual force is not the spiritual force at all, only a bland deception.
If you only focus on what you can see directly, than you chase after only the representation and not the object desired.
If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.
So it is with the spiritual!
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Revolutions of Time

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Revolutions of Time is here in full — 5 sentences across 1 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/1 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.
Line 2
The physical manifestation of the spiritual force is not the spiritual force at all, only a bland deception.
/ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl ˌmænəfeˈsteɪʃən ʌv ðə ˈspɪrɪtʃuːəl fɔːrs ɪz nɑːt ðə ˈspɪrɪtʃuːəl fɔːrs æt ɔːl ˈoʊnli ə blænd dɪˈsepʃən/
Line 3
If you only focus on what you can see directly, than you chase after only the representation and not the object desired.
/ɪf juː ˈoʊnli ˈfoʊkəs ɑːn wʌt juː kæn siː dərˈektli ðæn juː tʃeɪs ˈæftər ˈoʊnli ðə ˌreprəzenˈteɪʃən ənd nɑːt ðə ˈɑːbdʒekt dɪˈzaɪərd/
Line 4
If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.
Line 5
So it is with the spiritual!
/soʊ ɪt ɪz wɪð ðə ˈspɪrɪtʃuːəl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bland adjective US /blænd/

lacking taste or flavor or tang

From this reading “The physical manifestation of the spiritual force is not the spiritual force at all, only a bland deception.”

chases noun US /ˈtʃeɪsəz/

plural of “chase” — the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture

From this reading “If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.”

disillusionment noun US /ˌdɪsɪˈluːʒənmənt/

freeing from false belief or illusions

From this reading “...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.”

enlightenment noun US /ˌenˈlaɪtənmənt/

education that results in understanding and the spread of knowledge

From this reading “...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.”

focus noun US /ˈfoʊkəs/

the concentration of attention or energy on something

From this reading “If you only focus on what you can see directly, than you chase after only the representation and not the object desired.”

manifestation noun US /ˌmænəfeˈsteɪʃən/

a clear appearance

From this reading “The physical manifestation of the spiritual force is not the spiritual force at all, only a bland deception.”

Phrygian noun US /ˈfrɪdʒiən/

a native or inhabitant of Phrygia

From this reading “...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.”

superstitions noun US /ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃənz/

plural of “superstition” — an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear

From this reading “...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The physical manifestation of the spiritual force is not the spiritual force at all, only a bland deception.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading If you only focus on what you can see directly, than you chase after only the representation and not the object desired.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The physical manifestation of the spiritual force is not the spiritual force at all, only a bland deception.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The physical manifestation of the spiritual force is not the spiritual force at all, only a bland deception.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

birdnounUS /bɜːrd/

warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

blandadjectiveUS /blænd/

lacking taste or flavor or tang

From this reading The physical manifestation of the spiritual force is not the spiritual force at all, only a bland deception.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading If you only focus on what you can see directly, than you chase after only the representation and not the object desired.

capsnounUS /kæps/

plural of “cap” — a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

castingnounUS /ˈkæstɪŋ/

object formed by a mold

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

catchverbUS /kætʃ/

discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

catchingnounUS /ˈkætʃɪŋ/

(baseball) playing the position of catcher on a baseball team

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

chaseverbUS /tʃeɪs/

go after with the intent to catch

From this reading If you only focus on what you can see directly, than you chase after only the representation and not the object desired.

chasesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪsəz/

plural of “chase” — the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

claimedverbUS /kleɪmd/

past form of “claim” — assert or affirm strongly; state to be true or existing

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

crownedadjectiveUS /kraʊnd/

having an (artificial) crown on a tooth

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

deceptionnounUS /dɪˈsepʃən/

a misleading falsehood

From this reading The physical manifestation of the spiritual force is not the spiritual force at all, only a bland deception.

desiredadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪərd/

wanted intensely

From this reading If you only focus on what you can see directly, than you chase after only the representation and not the object desired.

directlyadverbUS /dərˈektli/

without deviation

From this reading If you only focus on what you can see directly, than you chase after only the representation and not the object desired.

disillusionmentnounUS /ˌdɪsɪˈluːʒənmənt/

freeing from false belief or illusions

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

divineadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪn/

emanating from God

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

enlightenmentnounUS /ˌenˈlaɪtənmənt/

education that results in understanding and the spread of knowledge

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

evidentadjectiveUS /ˈevədənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

flyingadjectiveUS /ˈflaɪɪŋ/

moving swiftly

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

focusnounUS /ˈfoʊkəs/

the concentration of attention or energy on something

From this reading If you only focus on what you can see directly, than you chase after only the representation and not the object desired.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading The physical manifestation of the spiritual force is not the spiritual force at all, only a bland deception.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If you only focus on what you can see directly, than you chase after only the representation and not the object desired.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The physical manifestation of the spiritual force is not the spiritual force at all, only a bland deception.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

manifestationnounUS /ˌmænəfeˈsteɪʃən/

a clear appearance

From this reading The physical manifestation of the spiritual force is not the spiritual force at all, only a bland deception.

materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

mentaladjectiveUS /ˈmentəl/

involving the mind or an intellectual process

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

naughtnounUS /nɔːt/

a quantity of no importance

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

noontime

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The physical manifestation of the spiritual force is not the spiritual force at all, only a bland deception.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading If you only focus on what you can see directly, than you chase after only the representation and not the object desired.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading If you only focus on what you can see directly, than you chase after only the representation and not the object desired.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The physical manifestation of the spiritual force is not the spiritual force at all, only a bland deception.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

PhrygiannounUS /ˈfrɪdʒiən/

a native or inhabitant of Phrygia

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

physicaladjectiveUS /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading The physical manifestation of the spiritual force is not the spiritual force at all, only a bland deception.

prejudicesnounUS /ˈpredʒədɪsɪz/

plural of “prejudice” — a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

reachverbUS /riːtʃ/

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

representationnounUS /ˌreprəzenˈteɪʃən/

a presentation to the mind in the form of an idea or image

From this reading If you only focus on what you can see directly, than you chase after only the representation and not the object desired.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading If you only focus on what you can see directly, than you chase after only the representation and not the object desired.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So it is with the spiritual!

sophismnoun

a deliberately invalid argument displaying ingenuity in reasoning in the hope of deceiving someone

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

spiritualadjectiveUS /ˈspɪrɪtʃuːəl/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading The physical manifestation of the spiritual force is not the spiritual force at all, only a bland deception.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

superioritynounUS /ˌsuːpɪriˈɔːrɪti/

the quality of being superior

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

superstitionsnounUS /ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃənz/

plural of “superstition” — an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading If you only focus on what you can see directly, than you chase after only the representation and not the object desired.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

victimsnounUS /ˈvɪktəmz/

plural of “victim” — an unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading If you only focus on what you can see directly, than you chase after only the representation and not the object desired.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading If a bird is flying through the sky at noontime, casting a shadow on the ground below him, and a man comes along, and in the hope of catching the bird chases after its shadow, it is evident that he will never catch it, for when he does reach it, he will find that there is nothing there at all, only the shadow of what it was he desired.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading ...The very men who claimed mental superiority because they were free from superstitions and divine disillusionment were themselves victims of their own sophism, and while they thought themselves crowned with enlightenment, it was naught but the Phrygian caps of their prejudices toward the material state.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If you only focus on what you can see directly, than you chase after only the representation and not the object desired.

Chapter 1 of The Revolutions of Time by Jonathan Dunn holds 5 sentences, grouped into 1 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Revolutions of Time contain?

Chapter 1 holds 5 sentences of The Revolutions of Time, unabridged, divided into 1 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Revolutions of Time by Jonathan Dunn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 5 sentences, grouped into 1 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Revolutions of Time?

Work through the 1 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 1 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Revolutions of Time

Common questions about reading The Revolutions of Time by Jonathan Dunn on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Revolutions of Time?

Yes. All 1703 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #8735 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Revolutions of Time is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #8735, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Revolutions of Time take to read?

About 141 minutes of reading across 341 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Revolutions of Time section by section

How to work through The Revolutions of Time section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of The Revolutions of Time to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Revolutions of Time

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Revolutions of Time, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Claimed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Revolutions of Time; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mental
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Revolutions of Time; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Superiority
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Revolutions of Time; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Because
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Revolutions of Time; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.